Soil Carbon Sequestration in the Age of Climate Change: A Review

Soil carbon sequestration has garnered attention as a pivotal strategy in mitigating climate change. Its relevance is accentuated by the soil's dual role in both storing carbon and supporting agriculture, thereby contributing to both environmental and food security. The purpose of this review is to analyze the various facets of soil carbon sequestration in the Indian context, specifically focusing on case studies that highlight both successes and failures in this realm. Key findings indicate that multifaceted approaches, such as agroforestry models in Tamil Nadu and community-led natural farming in Andhra Pradesh, have been effective in enhancing soil carbon stocks. These approaches are not only beneficial for carbon sequestration but also demonstrate positive implications for farm yield and biodiversity. However, the study also uncovers shortcomings in soil management practices, evident in the decline of soil carbon levels in regions such as Punjab due to monoculture and excessive fertilizer use. The consequences of such practices manifest in reduced soil fertility, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable agricultural methods. In fragile ecosystems like the Himalayan region, soil erosion has further reduced the soil's ability to act as a carbon sink, indicating the necessity for immediate conservation efforts. These findings imply that an integrated approach, coupling agricultural innovation with policy support, can substantially improve the effectiveness of soil as a carbon sequester. Moreover, it is essential for policies to be adaptive and region-specific, accounting for the diverse geographical and climatic conditions across India. This review aims to serve as a comprehensive guide for policymakers, researchers, and agricultural practitioners, emphasizing that soil carbon sequestration is not an isolated goal but must be integrated into broader environmental and agricultural objectives

A Review on Precision Agriculture: An Evolution and Prospect for the Future

A farm management system that uses information and technology to identify, analyze, and control the temporal and spatial variability within a field is known as precision farming or precision agriculture. Its goals are to maximize productivity and profitability, preserve the land resource, and minimize production costs. The public's growing environmental consciousness is forcing us to alter agricultural management techniques in order to maintain economic profitability while preserving natural resources like water, air, and soil quality. The application of inputs (such as chemical pesticides and fertilizers) in accordance with the proper amount, timing, and location. "Site-Specific Management" is the term used to describe this kind of management. With over a third of the world's food now requiring irrigation for production, the productivity increase in the global food supply has depended more and more on the expansion of irrigation schemes in recent decades. The overall economic viability of traditional agricultural systems is being challenged by market-based global competition in agricultural products, which calls for the creation of new, flexible production systems