Reproducing wooden and marble patterns using multi-channel ICC profile

Gravure can reproduce a high quality images because of its capacity to lay down ink films of variable thickness, especially for long runs and high color saturation; this aspect provides a very high shadow detail just like photograph. Many organizations have tried to standardize printing like Fogra, ISO, and more. Larger gamut are being built to cover more out-of-gamut colors, but designs, graphics and colorfulness of the products, are limited due to the involvement of several process variables. In publication printing, only four colors of ink are used: yellow, magenta, cyan, and black. CMYK primaries are generally used because the images to be printed have memory colors (blue sky, green grass) or colors that are obtainable within the CMYK gamut. ICC color management helps the user to build ICC profile is to establish which color is produced when a given combination of CMYK dots are printed. However flooring and wooden patterns printing industry, which often uses gravure printing, use non-CMYK primaries because they are better tuned to the limited color space of such patterns. To successfully reproduce these colors, a smaller or customized gamut is selected. Today proprietary software applications are being used for selection and separation of the non-CMYK primaries to obtain the smaller gamut. This research focused on new non proprietary software for selecting primaries and building multi-channel spot color ICC profiles for reproducing the marble and tile patterns

A 50 GHz SiGe BiCMOS active bandpass filter

Abstract: This paper presents a second-order active bandpass filter (BPF) at millimeter-wave frequency band using 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. A complementary cross-coupled pair based negative resistance technique is applied to compensate for the resistive losses of microstrip line resonators. The proposed active BPF is simulated using the Keysight Technologies (formerly Agilent’s Electronic Measurement Group) Advanced Design System 2016.01. The center frequency (fc), 3-dB bandwidth, and fractional bandwidth of the simulated BPF are 53.85 GHz, 14.18 GHz, and 26.33%, respectively. The BPF shows an insertion loss (IL) of 0.33 dB and a return loss (RL) of 18.03 dB at fc. The minimum IL of 0.10 dB and best RL of 26.03 dB are observed in the passband. The noise figure and input 1-dB compression point (PldB) at fc are 7.93 dB and -3.67 dBm, respectively. The power dissipation is 2.62 mW at 1.6 V supply voltage. For the input power level of -10 dBm, the power level of the second harmonic is -46.02 dBc

Millimeter-wave active bandpass filters

Abstract: An exhaustive review of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) active bandpass filters (BPFs) is presented in this article. The details of various design approaches and realization techniques for the implementation of active BPFs are provided. The strengths, weaknesses, and design challenges of active BPFs are discussed. The available process technologies are investigated for the development of mm-wave filters. Active BPFs exhibit the merits of low loss, good outof- band rejection, good selectivity, and a high integration level. By applying loss compensation techniques, active BPFs are realized with low losses. The aim of this paper is to motivate research and development of high performance mm-wave BPFs, especially above the 60 GHz frequency band

Extraction of transmission line parameters and effect of conductive substrates on their characteristics

Abstract: The paper presents the effect of conductive or lossy silicon (Si) substrates on the frequency-dependent distributed series impedance transmission line (TL) parameters, R(ω) and L(ω). The frequency variations of these parameters of the microstrip line for four different conductivities of Si substrate are observed and compared. Keysight Technologies (formerly Agilent’s Electronic Measurement Group) Advanced Design System is used for the electromagnetic simulations of the microstrip line structures. Scattering parameters (S-parameters) based equations are used to plot the variations of series impedance parameters as a function of frequency. Furthermore, this paper explains a complete method to extract various parameters related to a TL. The work extracts the parameters of a microstrip TL model provided with the GlobalFoundries 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS8HP process design kit up to 100 GHz

Re-inventing postgraduate level teaching and learning in nanoelectronics

Abstract: In the world where technology changes almost daily, the field of microelectronics or nanoelectronics is becoming an area driving the future. Therefore, more engineers specializing in micro- and/or nanoelectronics are needed in industry internationally. Globally, a distinct shift in nanoelectronic education has already been observed, where postgraduate coursework and part-coursework degrees in microelectronics and nanoelectronics are now being offered alongside the traditional research or coursework degrees in electronics or electrical engineering (light currents). However, in South Africa the situation is lagging; microelectronic or nanoelectronic specializations are offered either as honors degrees or as the research-based studies mentioned, with no dedicated coursework specialization at the master’s level. The Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment of the University of Johannesburg (UJ) has, therefore, diversified the program and qualifications mix because of this need to teach nanoelectronics at the master’s level as well, via global partcoursework and a part-research method of delivery. However, approval for a new degree takes a number of years to be completed. Therefore, as an alternative route, nanoelectronic modules with some cross-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary modules are offered as continuing education programs (CEPs) at National Qualification Framework levels 8 and 9. The CEPs bear continuing Engineering Council of South Africa professional development credits, and can be credited as modules in the envisaged master’s degrees. The CEPs are delivered via an online approach, which develops student accessibility and brings about flexibility for students who are studying part-time. Enhanced accessibility and the fastgrowing level of internet access in Africa will allow the UJ to serve students both regionally and internationally. This paper explores the rationale for the chosen content of the CEPs and ultimately the proposed master’s degrees and discusses in detail the online mode of delivery and its benefits, as well as the approach taken to deliver courses according to this model, together with innovative opportunities

Millimeter-wave passive bandpass filters

Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review of millimeter-wave (mm-wave) passive bandpass filters (BPFs). A detailed discussion is provided on different topologies and architectures, performance comparison, design challenges, and process technologies. Passive BPFs offer the advantages of high operating frequency, good linearity, low noise figure (NF), and no power dissipation. Careful consideration of available process technologies is required for the implementation of high performance mm-wave circuits. Gallium arsenide (GaAs) and indium phosphide (InP) (group III-V) processes provide high cutoff frequencies (fT), good noise performance, and high quality on-chip passives. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process has the prominent advantages of low cost, a high degree of integration, and high reliability, while silicon germanium bipolar CMOS (SiGe BiCMOS) process demonstrates high fT, a high level of integration, and better noise and power performance

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on tuberculosis management in India: A Brief Overview

Chronicles suggests that emerging and re-emerging viral infections disrupting the normal lifestyle of humankind, whether in the form of HIV, Ebola, Influenza, Nepah, or the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Such viral infections disrupt the healthcare system along with the prevention and control of epidemics and pandemics, resulting in an increased burden of such diseases in the post-pandemic period. Tuberculosis (TB) routine services are interfered with by severe lockdowns due to the new COVID-19 virus. This article tried to measure the long-term epidemiological effects of such interruptions on TB prevalence in high-burden countries. The participating facilities performed a comprehensive review based on modifications to the care of TB patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Retrospectively, clinical factors and household contact information were collected from a literature survey. Researchers looked at numerous strategies over the following five years to see whether they might lessen the effects on TB incidence and death. Present comprehensive literature was collected and analyzed using suitable keywords such as "COVID-19," "Pandemics," "Tuberculosis," and "India" during the current COVID-19 pandemic to investigate the influence of COVID-19 on tuberculosis management. The present article looks at the effects of the breaks in the delivery of TB care in hospital and primary care settings. Lockdown, social isolation, measures to prevent viral transmission, and public health guidelines impacted tuberculosis care. The present study revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected numerous TB prevention, monitoring, and treatment programs. Still, these adverse effects are diminished by the prompt restoration of TB services and the application of particular therapies as soon as restrictions are lifted

Decoding the Volatile keyword in C through Assembly Code

The growing complexity and high efficiency requirements of embedded systems call for new code optimization techniques and architecture exploration, using re target able C and C++ compilers. The first commercial tools are already in industrial use. The volatile keyword is intended to prevent the compiler from applying any optimizations on objects that can change in ways that cannot be determined by the compiler. In this paper we have tried to decode this volatile keyword mystery by digging into the assembly code generated by implemented C program. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150713

Unit Root Test for Panel Data AR(1) Time Series Model With Linear Time Trend and Augmentation Term: A Bayesian Approach

The univariate time series models, in the case of unit root hypothesis, are more biased towards the acceptance of the Unit Root Hypothesis especially in a short time span. However, the panel data time series model is more appropriate in such situation. The Bayesian analysis of unit root testing for a panel data time series model is considered. An autoregressive panel data AR(1) model with linear time trend and augmentation term has been considered and derived the posterior odds ratio for testing the presence of unit root hypothesis under appropriate prior assumptions. A simulation study and real data analysis are carried out for the derived theorem

Analysis of Tooth Extraction Causes and Patterns

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and patterns of extraction of permanent teeth in the targeted population. METHODS: The study was conducted for a period of 11 months. An especially designed form was used to record the causes for extraction of a permanent tooth. Further, it was analyzed for age, gender, education, occupation, smoking, tooth position, endodontic treatment, chewing, esthetics, needs replacement, type of existing prosthesis, and causes for extraction. The various causes which were considered to determine association with the tooth extraction were dental caries, periodontal problems, trauma, orthodontics, prosthodontic failures, endodontic failures, and others. RESULTS: The percentage of extractions was almost the same in males and females aged. Maximum extractions were noticed in 36–45 years of age group (32.5%). The presence of caries was observed to be the main reason for extraction (68.1%), followed by periodontal problems (17.6%) and orthodontic problems (4.8%). The most frequently extracted posterior teeth were first mandibular molar (22.2%), followed by the third maxillary molar (15.2%). CONCLUSION: Dental caries was found to be the most common reason for the extraction of teeth. Molar teeth were found to be the most frequently extracted, with an increased number of extracted first premolars as a result of orthodontic treatment. Maxillary teeth are extracted more than mandibular, mainly due to caries and periodontal problems