66 research outputs found
Anatomical and metabolic small-animal whole-body imaging using ring-shaped confocal photoacoustic computed tomography
Due to the wide use of animals for human disease studies, small animal whole-body imaging plays an increasingly important role in biomedical research. Currently, none of the existing imaging modalities can provide both anatomical and glucose metabolic information, leading to higher costs of building dual-modality systems. Even with image coregistration, the spatial resolution of the metabolic imaging modality is not improved. We present a ring-shaped confocal photoacoustic computed tomography (RC-PACT) system that can provide both assessments in a single modality. Utilizing the novel design of confocal full-ring light delivery and ultrasound transducer array detection, RC-PACT provides full-view cross-sectional imaging with high spatial resolution. Scanning along the orthogonal direction provides three-dimensional imaging. While the mouse anatomy was imaged with endogenous hemoglobin contrast, the glucose metabolism was imaged with a near-infrared dye-labeled 2-deoxyglucose. Through mouse tumor models, we demonstrate that RC-PACT may be a paradigm shifting imaging method for preclinical research
Ring-shaped confocal photoacoustic computed tomography for small-animal whole-body imaging
We report herein a novel three-dimensional photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) system for small-animal whole-body imaging. The PACT system, based on a 512-element full-ring ultrasonic transducer array, was cylindrically focused and capable of forming a two-dimensional image in 1.6 seconds. The pulsed laser could either illuminate directly from the top or be reshaped to illuminate the sample from the side. Top illumination was mainly used for mouse brain and mouse embryo imaging. Side illumination provided in vivo anatomical images of an adult mouse. By translating the mouse along the elevational direction, the system provided serial cross-sectional images
Anatomical and metabolic small-animal whole-body imaging using ring-shaped confocal photoacoustic computed tomography
Due to the wide use of animals for human disease studies, small animal whole-body imaging plays an increasingly important role in biomedical research. Currently, none of the existing imaging modalities can provide both anatomical and glucose metabolic information, leading to higher costs of building dual-modality systems. Even with image coregistration, the spatial resolution of the metabolic imaging modality is not improved. We present a ring-shaped confocal photoacoustic computed tomography (RC-PACT) system that can provide both assessments in a single modality. Utilizing the novel design of confocal full-ring light delivery and ultrasound transducer array detection, RC-PACT provides full-view cross-sectional imaging with high spatial resolution. Scanning along the orthogonal direction provides three-dimensional imaging. While the mouse anatomy was imaged with endogenous hemoglobin contrast, the glucose metabolism was imaged with a near-infrared dye-labeled 2-deoxyglucose. Through mouse tumor models, we demonstrate that RC-PACT may be a paradigm shifting imaging method for preclinical research
Infusion chemotherapy with cisplatinum and fluorouracil in the treatment of locally-advanced and metastatic gallbladder cancer
Background: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) has a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy
is traditionally considered to be ineffective. The goal of the current
study was to evaluate the efficacy of infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
and cisplatinum (CDDP) in patients with inoperable GBC. Materials and
Methods: A total of 65 patients with inoperable GBC received palliative
chemotherapy with CDDP and 5-FU. All the patients had clinically
measurable disease as well as adequate bone marrow, hepatic, and renal
function. Response was assessed after three cycles of chemotherapy.
Results: A total of 19 patients had locally advanced unresectable
cancer and 46 patients had metastatic cancer. There were 39 females and
26 males, with a median age of 50 years. A total of 212 chemotherapy
cycles were administered to the patients. Response evaluation after
three cycles of chemotherapy revealed complete response in five
patients [7.69%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.87-16.22], partial
response in 17 patients (26.15%; 95% CI: 16.57-37.81), stabilization of
disease in 9 patients (13.85%; 95% CI: 6.96-23.88), and progression in
21 patients (32.30%; 95% CI: 21.80-44.35). At 6 months 44.6% patients
were alive and 18.5% patients were alive at 12 months. The median
overall survival was 5.7 months and the median time to disease
progression was 3.1 months. This chemotherapy combination was well
tolerated. There were no chemotherapy-related deaths. Conclusions:
Infusion chemotherapy with CDDP and 5-FU appears to have a fair amount
of activity in patients of inoperable GBC, with acceptable toxicity.
Tumor shrinkage following treatment with this regimen enabled surgical
resection in two patients. We believe that this promising combination
must be tested against gemcitabine-based combinations in patients with
inoperable GBC
Functional photoacoustic microscopy of pH
pH is a tightly regulated indicator of metabolic activity. In mammalian systems, imbalance of pH regulation may result from or result in serious illness. Even though the regulation system of pH is very robust, tissue pH can be altered in many diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus. Traditional high-resolution optical imaging techniques, such as confocal microscopy, routinely image pH in cells and tissues using pH sensitive fluorescent dyes, which change their fluorescence properties with the surrounding pH. Since strong optical scattering in biological tissue blurs images at greater depths, high-resolution pH imaging is limited to penetration depths of 1mm. Here, we report photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) of commercially available pH-sensitive fluorescent dye in tissue phantoms. Using both opticalresolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), and acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM), we explored the possibility of recovering the pH values in tissue phantoms. In this paper, we demonstrate that PAM was capable of recovering pH values up to a depth of 2 mm, greater than possible with other forms of optical microscopy
Ring-shaped confocal photoacoustic computed tomography for small-animal whole-body imaging
We report herein a novel three-dimensional photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) system for small-animal whole-body imaging. The PACT system, based on a 512-element full-ring ultrasonic transducer array, was cylindrically focused and capable of forming a two-dimensional image in 1.6 seconds. The pulsed laser could either illuminate directly from the top or be reshaped to illuminate the sample from the side. Top illumination was mainly used for mouse brain and mouse embryo imaging. Side illumination provided in vivo anatomical images of an adult mouse. By translating the mouse along the elevational direction, the system provided serial cross-sectional images
Tumor glucose metabolism imaged in vivo in small animals with whole-body photoacoustic computed tomography
With the increasing use of small animals for human disease studies, small-animal whole-body molecular imaging plays an important role in biomedical research. Currently, none of the existing imaging modalities can provide both anatomical and glucose molecular information, leading to higher costs of building dual-modality systems. Even with image co-registration, the spatial resolution of the molecular imaging modality is not improved. Utilizing a ring-shaped confocal photoacoustic computed tomography system, we demonstrate, for the first time, that both anatomy and glucose uptake can be imaged in a single modality. Anatomy was imaged with the endogenous hemoglobin contrast, and glucose metabolism was imaged with a near-infrared dye-labeled 2-deoxyglucose
Whole-body ring-shaped confocal photoacoustic computed tomography of small animals in vivo
We report a novel small-animal whole-body imaging system called ring-shaped confocal photoacoustic computed tomography (RC-PACT). RC-PACT is based on a confocal design of free-space ring-shaped light illumination and 512-element full-ring ultrasonic array signal detection. The free-space light illumination maximizes the light delivery efficiency, and the full-ring signal detection ensures a full two-dimensional view aperture for accurate image reconstruction. Using cylindrically focused array elements, RC-PACT can image a thin cross section with 0.10 to 0.25 mm in-plane resolutions and 1.6 s/frame acquisition time. By translating the mouse along the elevational direction, RC-PACT provides a series of cross-sectional images of the brain, liver, kidneys, and bladder
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