Cranberry and Grape Seed Extracts Inhibit the Proliferative Phenotype of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Proanthocyanidins, compounds highly concentrated in dietary fruits, such as cranberries and grapes, demonstrate significant cancer prevention potential against many types of cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate cranberry and grape seed extracts to quantitate and compare their anti-proliferative effects on the most common type of oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma. Using two well-characterized oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, CAL27 and SCC25, assays were performed to evaluate the effects of cranberry and grape seed extract on phenotypic behaviors of these oral cancers. The proliferation of both oral cancer cell lines was significantly inhibited by the administration of cranberry and grape seed extracts, in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, key regulators of apoptosis, caspase-2 and caspase-8, were concomitantly up-regulated by these treatments. However, cranberry and grape seed extracts elicited differential effects on cell adhesion, cell morphology, and cell cycle regulatory pathways. This study represents one of the first comparative investigations of cranberry and grape seed extracts and their anti-proliferative effects on oral cancers. Previous findings using purified proanthocyanidin from grape seed extract demonstrated more prominent growth inhibition, as well as apoptosis-inducing, properties on CAL27 cells. These observations provide evidence that cranberry and grape seed extracts not only inhibit oral cancer proliferation but also that the mechanism of this inhibition may function by triggering key apoptotic regulators in these cell lines. This information will be of benefit to researchers interested in elucidating which dietary components are central to mechanisms involved in the mediation of oral carcinogenesis and progression

Oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferative phenotype is modulated by proanthocyanidins: a potential prevention and treatment alternative for oral cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite the recently reported drop in the overall death rate from cancer, the estimated survival rate and number of deaths from oral cancer remain virtually unchanged. Early detection efforts, in combination with strategies for prevention and risk-reduction, have the potential to dramatically improve clinical outcomes. The identification of non-toxic, effective treatments, including complementary and alternative therapies, is critical if the survival rate is to be improved. Epidemiologic studies have suggested a protective effect from certain plant-derived foods and extracts; however, it has been difficult to isolate and identify the compounds most responsible for these observations. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the response of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to proanthocyanidin (PAC), a plant-derived compound that may inhibit the progression of several other cancers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Using a series of <it>in vitro </it>assays, we sought to quantify the effects of PAC on OSCC, cervical carcinoma, and non-cancerous cell lines, specifically the effects of PAC on cell proliferation. Recent data suggest that infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) may also modulate the proliferative potential of OSCC; therefore, we also measured the effects of PAC administration on HPV-transfected OSCC proliferation.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our results demonstrated that PAC administration was sufficient to significantly suppress cellular proliferation of OSCC in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the increased proliferation of OSCC after transfection with HPV 16 was reduced by the administration of PAC, as was the proliferation of the cervical cancer and non-cancerous cell lines tested. Our results also provide preliminary evidence that PAC administration may induce apoptosis in cervical and oral cancer cell lines, while acting merely to suppress proliferation of the normal cell line control.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results signify that PAC may be a compelling candidate for testing in both animal and human models. Furthermore, these data provide adequate justification for elucidating the divergent mechanisms of PAC-induced proliferation, inhibition, and apoptosis among these and other cell lines.</p

Surgical Treatment of Jacob’s Disease: A Case Report Involving an Osteochondroma of the Coronoid Process

Although it is one of the most common benign tumors of bone in the axial skeleton, the osteochondroma is relatively rare in the maxillofacial region. Its discovery on the coronoid process is even more rare. First described by Jacob in 1899, it remains a rare entity as only a few reported cases have been described in the literature. Nevertheless, the symptomatic features remain relatively nonspecific: limited opening, tightness, and slight expansion of the affected area with or without pain. The demographic features are more established, as it affects younger males. Definitive diagnosis is made after histological analysis, post-resection of the growth. We report a 27 year-old male with a history of limited opening and tightness of the mouth. Computed Tomography (CT) imaging revealed a well corticated exophytic protuberance from the left coronoid process. Left coronoidectomy and excision of the exophytic growth was performed, and was confirmed by histologic analysis to be an osteochondroma, demonstrating Jacob’s disease

Oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferative phenotype is modulated by proanthocyanidins: a potential prevention and treatment alternative for oral cancer-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferative phenotype is modulated by proanthocyanidins: a potential prevention and treatment alternative for oral cancer"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/7/22</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2007;7():22-22.</p><p>Published online 19 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1914364.</p><p></p> 20 μg/mL, and the lower row (K-O) under PAC administration at 50 μg/mL. All cell lines exhibited a dose-dependent response to PAC administration, with higher doses resulting in fewer cells at day 4. Ca Ski (A), CAL 27 (C), CAL 27-TF16 (D) and Hs27 (E) cells were reduced in number with PAC at 20 μg/mL (F, H, I, J), unlike GH354 cells (B), which experienced a reduction in proliferation, and morphological changes indicative of apoptosis (G). Cellular proliferation was reduced by PAC in all cell lines (K-O) at 50 μg/mL; all cell lines exhibited altered morphology, except Hs27 (O) cells which appeared normal, although fewer in number

Oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferative phenotype is modulated by proanthocyanidins: a potential prevention and treatment alternative for oral cancer-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferative phenotype is modulated by proanthocyanidins: a potential prevention and treatment alternative for oral cancer"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/7/22</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2007;7():22-22.</p><p>Published online 19 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1914364.</p><p></p>umber and ratio of cell spreading without PAC (A,B) but displayed morphological features characteristic of apoptosis under PAC treatment (F,G). CAL 27 (C,H) and HPV 16-transfected CAL 27 cells (D,I) also grew in the absence of PAC (C,D), but demonstrated surface blebbing activity and morphological changes similar to cervical cells under PAC treatment (H, I). Hs27 normal fibroblast controls (E,J) grew in the absence of PAC (E) and less rapidly in the presence of PAC (J), without demonstrable microscopic evidence of apoptotic cellular features

Oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferative phenotype is modulated by proanthocyanidins: a potential prevention and treatment alternative for oral cancer-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferative phenotype is modulated by proanthocyanidins: a potential prevention and treatment alternative for oral cancer"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/7/22</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2007;7():22-22.</p><p>Published online 19 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1914364.</p><p></p>umber and ratio of cell spreading without PAC (A,B) but displayed morphological features characteristic of apoptosis under PAC treatment (F,G). CAL 27 (C,H) and HPV 16-transfected CAL 27 cells (D,I) also grew in the absence of PAC (C,D), but demonstrated surface blebbing activity and morphological changes similar to cervical cells under PAC treatment (H, I). Hs27 normal fibroblast controls (E,J) grew in the absence of PAC (E) and less rapidly in the presence of PAC (J), without demonstrable microscopic evidence of apoptotic cellular features

Oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferative phenotype is modulated by proanthocyanidins: a potential prevention and treatment alternative for oral cancer-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Oral squamous cell carcinoma proliferative phenotype is modulated by proanthocyanidins: a potential prevention and treatment alternative for oral cancer"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/7/22</p><p>BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2007;7():22-22.</p><p>Published online 19 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1914364.</p><p></p>Lane 2) also did not express HPV. HPV 16-transfected cells (A: Lane 3) expressed HPV 16; specific primers were tested using PCR and the full-length HPV 16-DNA template (A: Lane 4). Total DNA isolated from CAL 27 cells (B: Lane 1) and CAL 27-TF16 cells (B: Lane 3) demonstrated DNA alterations following PAC treatment (50 μg/mL), including a more diffuse banding pattern and lower molecular weight, possibly indicating the onset of DNA fragmentation among the treated cells (B: Lane 2, 4)