Les objectifs de performance et l'objectivité de la notion de performance

Performances technologiques, performances sportives, performance boursière, « résultat obtenu par un cheval de course » selon le Robert, la performance apparaît comme un des leitmotiv (étymologiquement : motif conducteur) de notre temps. Présentée aujourd'hui comme la clé de la réforme de l'Etat, la « gestion par la performance » se définit elle-même par prétérition comme l'antithèse d'un mode de gestion archaïque et contre-performant dont l'Etat semble être devenu le symbole. Pourtant lorsqu'on y regarde de près, la « gestion par la performance » dans les administrations recouvre une évolution plus qu'une révolution dans la conduite des affaires publiques. Elle enrichit la pratique budgétaire sans gommer les spécificités qui fondent et qui caractérisent l'action publique. Le mérite remarquable de la loi organique sur les lois de finances est d'avoir donné forme, clarté et cohérence à cette « nouvelle gouvernance publique » dont les principes tendent à se répandre dans l'ensemble des pays de l'OCDE. Parce qu'elle est un élément de la mondialisation, cette évolution paraît irréversible. Pourtant le fait qu'elle fasse l'objet d'un consensus international ne suffit pas à la fonder en raison ni à garantir que toutes les attentes placées en elle seront satisfaites.Performance, Gestion publique, LOLF, collectivités territoriales

OUGUERGOUZ, Fatsah. La charte africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples. Une approche juridique des droits de l'homme entre tradition et modernité. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1993, 479p.

Patients with hematological malignancies have a 28-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Among patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), the 2-year cumulative incidence of VTE is 5.2%. Several studies suggest that microvesicles (MVs) harboring TF may play a role in VTE and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The aim of this study was to assess the capacity of untreated (APL) cells to shed procoagulant MVs. APL cells (NB4 and HL-60 cell lines) and MVs were separated by filtration (0.1-0.22-0.45-0.65μm). The procoagulant activity (PCA) was assessed by thrombin generation assay (TGA). Alternatively, MVs were incubated with anti-Tissue Factor (TF) antibodies, with annexin V to assess the contribution of TF and phospholipids (PL) to the PCA, respectively. NB4 cells had a high PCA mainly triggered by MVs of size under 0.45μm. The PCA of MVs was related to the expression of active TF and PL. HL-60 cells had a weaker PCA since TF is mostly present in its inactive form. Moreover, HL-60 do not produce MVs<0.65μm associated with PCA. MVs could have a predicting value for VTE and DIC in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and could inform physicians about the optimal use of a thromboprophylaxis

Fractal analysis application outlook for improving process monitoring and machine maintenance in manufacturing 4.0

ABSTRACT: Industry 4.0 has been advertised for a decade as the next disruptive evolution for production. It relies on automation growth and particularly on data exchange using numerous sensors in order to develop faster production with tight monitoring. The huge amount of data generated by clouds of sensors during production is often used to feed machine learning systems in order to detect faults, monitor and find possible ways for improvement. However, the artificial intelligence within machine learning requires finding and selecting key features, such as average and root mean square. While current machine learning has already proven its use in diverse applications, its efficiency could be further improved by generating better characteristics such as fractal parameters. In this paper, fractal analysis concept is presented and its current and future applications in machining are discussed. This sensitive and robust technique is already extracting high performance key features that could fill in monitoring and prediction systems. On top of improving features selection and, thus, improving the overall performance of monitoring and predictive systems in machining, this could lead to a more rapid artificial intelligence implementation into manufacturing