\u93Positive\u94 gentrification, social control, and the \u93right to the city\u94 in mixed-income communities: Uses and expectations of space and place

Public policies supporting market-oriented strategies to develop mixed-income communities have become ascendant in the United States and a number of other countries around the world. Although framed as addressing both market goals of revitalization and social goals of poverty deconcentration and inclusion, these efforts at \u93positive gentrification\u94 also generate a set of fundamental tensions\u97between integration and exclusion, use value and exchange value, appropriation and control, poverty and development\u97that play out in particular, concrete ways on the ground. Drawing on social control theory and the \u93right to the city\u94 framework of Henri LeFebvre, this paper interrogates these tensions as they become manifest in three mixed-income communities being developed to replace public housing complexes in Chicago, focusing particularly on responses to competing expectations regarding the use of space and appropriate normative behavior, and to the negotiation of these expectations in the context of arguments about safety, order, what constitutes \u93public\u94 space, and the nature and extent of rights to use that space in daily life

Disadvantaged but different: variation among disadvantaged communities in relation to child and family well-being

Background: Disadvantaged communities are increasingly the target for interventions. Sure Start was launched in England in 1999 to tackle child poverty and improve child and family services, with Sure Start Local Programmes (SSLPs) targeted at relatively small areas of marked deprivation. However, they are located in a range of different types of communities where they may provide services to very different resident populations. They are all disadvantaged but underlying that label there are specific patterns of variability, relevant for service provision. To evaluate the implementation, impact, and cost‐effectiveness of SSLPs, or other area‐based initiatives, it is important to consider ways in which they can be grouped meaningfully according to these patterns. Method: Data were collected from administrative databases to describe SSLPs in terms of demography, deprivation, and aspects of child and family functioning and grouped using cluster analysis. Results: Five different ‘types’ of SSLP community were identified, based on their socio‐demographic and economic characteristics; typified by more, less or average deprivation in relation to all SSLPs, and in terms of the proportion of ethnic minority families resident in the areas. The groups differ in terms of community measures of child health, educational attainment, school disorder and child welfare and their prediction from demographic community characteristics. Conclusions: The groupings have implications for service delivery and the evaluation of area‐based initiatives

Environmental activation of citizens in the context of policy agenda formation and the influence of social capital

Public policy issues arising from climate change projections are becoming increasingly important in terms of the range and the scope of their effects. In order to effectively confront them it is important to address social, environmental and economic aspects as fully as possible in decision-making processes. In this context, social risk assessment techniques have begun to be applied to explore citizens’ risk perceptions of climate change projections. The present study aims to contribute to this area by examining the influence of four social capital parameters (social trust, institutional trust, social norms and social networks) on public risk perceptions of climate change. An empirical study was conducted for this purpose in Greece’s fourth largest city, Heraklion. Results demonstrate that social capital is a significant explanatory parameter for citizens’ risk perceptions. Specifically, individuals with lower levels of social capital tend to perceive higher risks from climate change impacts. The most important parameter explaining this result is the low level of institutional trust, revealing that Heraklion’s citizens do not believe that existing public institutions will be able to effectively manage projected climate change impacts

MODELS OF SUCCESSFUL PRINCIPAL LEADERSHIP: VICTORIAN CASE STUDIES

B1 - Chapter in Research Book