Formation of Bicyclic Pyrroles from the Catalytic Coupling Reaction of 2,5-disubstituted Pyrroles with Terminal Alkynes, Involving the Activation of Multiple C-H bonds

Substituted bicyclic pyrroles are produced directly from the coupling reaction of 2,5-disubstituted pyrroles with terminal alkynes, involving the activation of multiple C–H bonds and regioselective cyclisation

Helmet latching and attaching ring

A neck ring releasably secured to a pressurized garment carries an open-ended ring normally in the engagement position fitted into an annular groove and adapted to fit into a complementary annular groove formed in a helmet. Camming means formed on the inner surface at the end of the helmet engages the open-ended ring to retract the same and allow for one motion donning even when the garment is pressurized. A projection on the end of the split ring is engageable to physically retract the split ring

The power of information : the impact of mobile phones on farmers'welfare in the Philippines

The authors explore the impact of access to information on poor farmers’ consumption. The analysis combines spatially coded data on mobile phone coverage with household panel data on farmers from some of the poorest areas of the Philippines. Both the ordinary least squares and instrumental variable estimates indicate that purchasing a mobile phone has a large, positive impact on the household-level growth rate of per capita consumption. Estimates range from 11 to 17 percent, depending on the sample and the specification chosen. The authors perform a range of reliability tests, the results of which all suggest that the instruments are valid. They also present evidence consistent with the argument that easier access to information allows farmers to strike better price deals within their existing trading relationships and to make better choices in terms of where they choose to sell their goods.E-Business,Access to Finance,Rural Poverty Reduction,Debt Markets,Poverty Lines

A road to trust

The authors explore the relationship between transaction costs and generalized trust. Using panel data from 2,100 households in 135 rural communities of the Philippines, the paper shows that where transaction costs are reduced (proxied by road construction), there is an increase in generalized trust. Consistent with the argument that generalized trust is built through repeated interactions, the authors find that the individuals most likely to engage in exchange exhibit an increase in trust after road construction. These results suggest that, rather than being an input to economic growth, trust might be a product of reduced transaction costs (which also favors growth).Post Conflict Reconstruction,Transport Economics Policy&Planning,Rural Roads&Transport,Social Capital,Corporate Law

Do community-driven development projects enhance social capital ? evidence from the Philippines

This paper explores the social capital impacts of a large-scale, community-driven development project in the Philippines in which communities competed for block grants for infrastructure investment. The analysis uses a unique data set of about 2,100 households collected before the project started (2003) and after one cycle of sub-project implementation (2006) in 66 treatment and 69 matched control communities. Participation in village assemblies, the frequency with which local officials meet with residents and trust towards strangers increased as a result of the project. However, there is a decline in group membership and participation in informal collective action activities. This may have been because households were time-constrained, so that in order to participate in project activities, they needed to temporarily reduce their participation in informal activities. An alternative explanation is that the project improved the efficiency of formal forms of social capital and thus households needed to rely less on informal forms. Finally, the results indicate that, in the short run, the project might have reduced the number of other investments.Housing&Human Habitats,Access to Finance,Social Accountability,Social Capital,Banks&Banking Reform

Autograph Book Belonging to Norman S Chase of Whitefield, Maine

https://digitalmaine.com/whitefield_books/1001/thumbnail.jp

Plan for a standard form of municipal reports to be published annually by towns in in the Commonwealth

What the citizens of the towns and cities must have, if they are to vote intelligently concerning their community\u27s affairs, are intelligible and prompt reports covering the transactions of the year, to be sent to voters before the annual town meeting. These must be arranged in such standardized form that each subdivision of the accounts will be comparable with similar subdivisions in other towns\u27 reports. The same words must mean the same things and not quite different things, as is frequently the case now. Such impartial, standard and prompt reports can be provided only under mandatory laws of the States. By such laws the municipalities must be required: (1) to publish such reports within a time limit; (2) to publish them in specific forms adjusted to towns and cities of various classes. These forms must be designed by a State bureau. Possibly, in Massachusetts, the proposed Department of Municipal Affairs, now under consideration by the Recess Commission, would assume this function. To this end, Harvey S. Chase, C. P. A., a member of the Special Committee of the Massachusetts Branch, has devised a form of annual report suitable for towns and, in enlarged form, for cities