DSC studies on organic melting point temperature standards

A series of organic melting point temperature standards are available for which the liquefaction temperature has been determined by stepwise heating under near equilibrium conditions. The present work explores their use in the accurate calibration of DSC equipment. Two methods have been used, each of which has been shown to have advantages. In the first, a stepwise heating procedure has been adopted which is analogous to that used in calibrating the standards. The final step corresponds to the certified liquefaction temperature. In the alternative procedure the extrapolated onset temperature has been determined for zero heating rate. This work provides experimental confirmation that the extrapolated onset temperature at zero heating rate corresponds to the certified thermodynamic liquefaction temperature

Marriage and Social Boundaries among British Pakistanis

A cosmopolitan environment offers challenges for cultural groups that seek to reproduce themselves in the next generation. British Pakistanis have not seen the kind of breakdown in marriage boundaries that characterizes other post-war migrants to Britain. The article examines how this pattern is linked to commitments to transnational marriage, which promise a source of future remittances to Pakistan. However, the need to maintain these links has exaggerated the importance of religious and moral display for British Pakistanis, and these have wider effects in the policing of social contact with outsiders and the negative portrayal of the sexual morality of non-Pakistanis