414 research outputs found

    Editorial Note

    Get PDF
    In this first issue of volume 17, the Journal has been proudly presenting five studies. The disciplines and issues of these research papers were somewhat diverse from applied laboratory work, to clinical practice both for pharmacy and nursing.In this challenging endeavor of the Thai Pharmaceutical and Health Science Journal, we are hopeful to better the quality of the articles published. We urge more submissions from international research community, regional and global. We would like to thank in advance for any prospective submissions. Editor-in-Chie

    Introduction

    Get PDF
    In this third issue of volume 15, the Journal has been proudly presenting research articles of various disciplines. For pharmacy practice, the study entitled “Prescription Patterns and Clinical Outcomes of Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndrome with End-Stage Renal Disease” shed the light on how well the use the antiplatelet therapy in a special group of patients, those with acute coronary syndrome and end-stage renal disease. The issue of suboptimal use has been known worldwide, and such phenomena in Thailand is also of great concern. In the second study on pharmacy practice entitled “Incidence and Clinical Features of Anti-epileptic Drug Related Adverse Drug Reactions in Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Thailand,” the effort to prevent adverse events from anti-epileptic drugs has been evident. The authors and their institute have pioneered and advanced all aspects of pharmacy practice and we hope to welcome more of their publications. A study in nursing practice entitled “Effectiveness of a Motivational Enhancement Group Therapy Program on Drug Abstinence Intention Among Thai Amphetamine-Abusing Youths” could have encouraged more advancement in helping young substance abusing addicts. On the technology side, the two studies entitled “Propranolol HCl and salicylic acid-loaded hydrophilic and hydrophobic colloidal silicon dioxide anhydrous gels” and ”HPLC Analysis and Solvent Extraction of Emodin from Ventilago denticulata Willd” are the testament for scientists on improving products and refining scientific procedures. In this challenging endeavor of the Thai Pharmaceutical and Health Science Journal, we are hopeful to better the quality of the articles published. We urge more submissions from international research community, regional and global. We would like to thank in advance for any prospective submissions. Editor-in-Chie

    Table of Content

    Get PDF
    Editorial Note In this fourth issue of volume 17, the Journal has been proudly presenting five studies. The disciplines and issues of these research papers were somewhat diverse from applied laboratory work, to clinical practice both for pharmacy and nursing. In this challenging endeavor of the Thai Pharmaceutical and Health Science Journal, we are hopeful to better the quality of the articles published. We urge more submissions from international research community, regional and global. We would like to thank in advance for any prospective submissions.                                                                                                             Editor-in-Chie

    Challenges and Opportunities of eLearning: A Case Study of Higher Education in Thailand

    Get PDF
    This paper examines the issues related to the implementation of e-Learning at the National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), one of the best higher education institutions in Thailand. e-Learning at NIDA offered a promise of enhancing the quality of both teaching and learning, benefiting both faculty and students alike. For example, e-Learning would provide collaborative tools in order to facilitate the communication of both professors and students. Professors could assign assignments on e-Learning websites. A webboard would enable students to post questions and allow professors to respond to each student, and lectures would be recorded and posted on the e-Learning website so that students could review or even download them into a portable device, such as an iPod and/or cell phone. Despite the promises of e-Learning, there were significant obstacles to the implementation of the project. For example, there was a limited budget for its implementations, and the cost-benefit justification was not clear. Also, the e-Learning project faced resistance from some (old) professors that did not want to use e-Learning since they were comfortable with their old style of teaching. Some professors were also afraid of putting their materials online since it was felt that other professors might steal the content. The data collection methods for this study include in-depth interviews, focus groups, and observation, and the results indicate that e-Learning can dramatically change the process of learning and teaching. Also, e-Learning implementation involves not only technology but also people, teaching and the learning process. The issues investigated in this study can be used as a guideline for other e-Learning implementations

    The Analysis of the Telecommunications Industry in Thailand

    Get PDF
    Telecommunications has been considered a critical infrastructure for any nation. National competitiveness increasingly depends upon the telecommunications infrastructure because telecommunications and information technology have become a critical driving factor for social and economic development. However, the telecommunications infrastructure in Thailand is considered below the world average despite its importance to national competitiveness. Thailand is still among a few developing countries that do not have a 3G network. Broadband Internet is uncommon. The telecommunications industry has been influenced by a concession system that creates unfair competition and that lacks freedom. There has been an increase in public dissatisfaction with certain telecommunication services. This paper investigates the various issues in the telecommunications industry in Thailand. The information in the study was acquired through analysis of secondary sources, observation, and focus groups. The results of this study can be used as “lessons learned” for the development of the telecommunications industry in any developing country

    Performance of Retailers in Evaluating the Quality of Thai Traditional Non-Prescription Drug Products

    Get PDF
    āļšāļ—āļ„āļąāļ”āļĒāđˆāļ­ āļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒ: āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āđ‰āļēāļ›āļĨāļĩāļāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļž āļ‰āļĨāļēāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļšāļĢāļĢāļˆāļļāļ āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļāļžāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļēāļŠāļēāļĄāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļģāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āđāļœāļ™āđ‚āļšāļĢāļēāļ“ āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē: āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļŠāļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāđƒāļ™āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āđ‰āļēāļ›āļĨāļĩāļ 73 āļĢāđ‰āļēāļ™ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļģāđ€āļ āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āļ™āļ„āļĢāļ™āļēāļĒāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļąāļ‡āļŦāļ§āļąāļ”āļ›āļĢāļēāļˆāļĩāļ™āļšāļļāļĢāļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāđˆāļĄāļ•āļēāļĄāļŠāļ°āļ”āļ§āļ āđ€āļāđ‡āļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļĒāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļž (23 āļ‚āđ‰āļ­) āļ‰āļĨāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļāļžāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ‡ (9 āļ‚āđ‰āļ­) āđāļĨāļ°āļšāļĢāļĢāļˆāļļāļ āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļāļžāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ‡ (4 āļ‚āđ‰āļ­) āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļœāļđāđ‰āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ­āđˆāļēāļ™āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ­āļšāļ–āļēāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļŠāļ āļēāļžāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļšāļāļžāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĨāļ°           1 āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™ āļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļģāđ€āļŠāļ™āļ­āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ„āđˆāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ–āļĩāđˆāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļĨāļ° āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āđˆāļēāđ€āļ‰āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ€āļšāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āđ€āļšāļ™āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™ āļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļąāļĒāļ„āļąāļ”āļŠāļĢāļĢāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē: āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āđ‰āļēāļ›āļĨāļĩāļāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļŠāļ āļēāļžāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĒāļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļēāļŠāļēāļĄāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļģāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āđāļœāļ™āđ‚āļšāļĢāļēāļ“āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ 15.60 Âą 5.32 āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™ (āļ•āļ­āļšāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļīāļ”āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ 67.83% āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ 23 āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™) āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ„āļĄāđˆāđāļ•āļāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļąāļĒāļ„āļąāļ”āļŠāļĢāļĢ āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļ§āļļāļ’āļīāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āļīāļ”āļāļīāļˆāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļļāļšāļąāļ™ āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āđ‰āļēāļ›āļĨāļĩāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ„āļĒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļ„āļĒāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļšāļĢāļĄāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļĒāļēāļŠāļēāļĄāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļģāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āđāļœāļ™āđ‚āļšāļĢāļēāļ“ āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļšāļāļžāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‰āļĨāļēāļāļĒāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ 4.96 Âą 2.33 āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™ (55.11% āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ 9 āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™) āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļœāļđāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŠāļđāļ‡āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ›āļĢāļīāļāļāļēāļ•āļĢāļĩāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ” (6.20 āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™) āđāļĨāļ°āļĄ.6 āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ›āļ§āļŠ. āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļ•āđˆāļģāļŠāļļāļ” (3.67 āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™) āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ™āļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļ–āļīāļ•āļī (P = 0.048) āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āļšāļĢāļĢāļˆāļļāļ āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļāļžāļĢāđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ 3.16 Âą 0.97 āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™ (79% āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ 4 āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™) āļŠāļĢāļļāļ›: āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āđ‰āļēāļ›āļĨāļĩāļāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļ„āļļāļ“āļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļĒāļēāļŠāļēāļĄāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļģāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āđāļœāļ™āđ‚āļšāļĢāļēāļ“āđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļđāļ‡āļ™āļąāļ āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ­āļāļēāļŠāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āļāļķāļāļŦāļąāļ”āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āđ‰āļēāļ›āļĨāļĩāļāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ› āļ„āļģāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ: āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļ„āļļāļ“āļ āļēāļž, āļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļ āļąāļ“āļ‘āđŒāļĒāļēāļŠāļēāļĄāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļģāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āđāļœāļ™āđ‚āļšāļĢāļēāļ“, āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–, āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āđ‰āļēāļ›āļĨāļĩāļ Abstract Objective: To determine retailers’ performance in assessing the product problems regarding physical properties, labels and packaging. Methods: In this survey study, 73 retail stores in the provinces of Nakhonnayk and Prajinburi were recruited by means of convenience sampling and the data were collected using a questionnaire and samples of defective products (23 questions), incomplete labels (9 questions) and damaged packages (4 questions). The researcher read each question with the corresponding sample for the retailer to identify the problem. A score of one was given for each correct answer. The results were presented as frequency with percentage, and mean with standard deviation. Differences in scores by select factors were also tested. Results: The mean performance score for identifying the physically defective products was 15.60 Âą 5.32, or 67.83% of a total of 23. The score did not differ by educational level, business operation period, type of retailer, or experience in academic training on these products. The mean performance score on identifying incomplete labels was 4.96 Âą 2.33, or 55.11% of a total of nine. The mean score in those with postgraduate degrees (6.20 points) was higher than those with a high school diploma or an associate degree (3.67) with a statistical significance (P = 0.048). The mean performance score of identifying damaged packages was 3.16 Âą 0.97, or 79.00% of a total of four. Conclusion: The retailer performance in identifying problems with Thai traditional non-prescription drug products was not at a high level. Various involving parties had the opportunity to educate these retailers. Keywords: quality evaluation, Thai traditional non-prescription drug    products, performance, retailer

    āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļąāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ›āļāļīāļāļīāļĢāļīāļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩ āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ·āļšāđ€āļŠāļēāļ°āļŦāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļ āļēāļžāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™

    Get PDF
    āļĢāļąāļšāļšāļ—āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ: 20 āļ•āļļāļĨāļēāļ„āļĄ 2565; āđāļāđ‰āđ„āļ‚āļšāļ—āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ: 19 āļāļļāļĄāļ āļēāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āđŒ 2566; āļĒāļ­āļĄāļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļĩāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒ: 27 āļāļļāļĄāļ āļēāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āđŒ 2566; āļ•āļĩāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļ­āļ­āļ™āđ„āļĨāļ™āđŒ: 28 āļžāļĪāļĐāļ āļēāļ„āļĄ 2566   āļšāļ—āļ„āļąāļ”āļĒāđˆāļ­ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆāđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļąāļ§āđƒāļˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļ§āļīāļŠāļēāđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļ„āđˆāļ­āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‹āļąāļšāļ‹āđ‰āļ­āļ™āļĒāļēāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆ āļŦāļēāļāļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆāđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆāđ€āļ™āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‡āđˆāļēāļĒāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļąāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ›āļāļīāļāļīāļĢāļīāļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļąāļ˜āļĒāļĄāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ›āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆ 5 āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āđāļšāļšāļŠāļ·āļšāđ€āļŠāļēāļ°āļŦāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļđāđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļ āļēāļžāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ·āļ­āļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļąāļ˜āļĒāļĄāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ›āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆ 5 āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™ 30 āļ„āļ™ āđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ„āļ·āļ­ 1) āđāļœāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰ 2) āļ āļēāļžāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§ 3) āđāļšāļšāļ§āļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ 4) āđāļšāļšāļŠāļąāļĄāļ āļēāļĐāļ“āđŒāļāļķāđˆāļ‡āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ° 5) āļ­āļ™āļļāļ—āļīāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđƒāļ™āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļ„āļļāļ“āļ āļēāļž āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰ āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļžāļšāļ§āđˆāļēāļāđˆāļ­āļ™āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļĢāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļļāļ‡ āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļŦāļāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ”āļĩāļĄāļēāļ āļāļīāļˆāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āļĢāļđāđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩāļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ—āļļāļāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļš āđāļĨāļ°āļ āļēāļžāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļąāļāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆāļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāđ‚āļĄāđ€āļĨāļāļļāļĨāļĄāļēāļāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āļ„āļģāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ:  āđāļšāļšāļˆāļģāļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒ  āļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļąāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ›āļāļīāļāļīāļĢāļīāļĒāļēāđ€āļ„āļĄāļĩ  āļ āļēāļžāđ€āļ„āļĨāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļŦāļ§   Abstract Learning and understanding scientific models are the heart of learning science, especially in chemistry, since most of the chemistry content is quite complicated to understand. If students understand modeling and create modeling, it will be easier to understand the chemistry content. The purpose of this research was to develop students’ construction scientific model ability. The target group was 30 grade–11 students. Research instruments were composed of: 1) lesson plans, 2) animations, 3) scientific model ability tests of factors effecting chemical reaction rate, 4) interview and 5) reflection notes. This study was qualitative research to examine students’ ability to create scientific modeling before and after learning. According to the research, it was found that before studying, the students’ ability to create science models was at an improved level. After the learning process, the students were able to create scientific models at an excellent level. The results showed that the quest for knowledge using model–based learning together with animation improved students’ ability to create scientific models in all aspects, and the animations created by the researcher can encourage students to understand the behavior of substances at the molecular level and reaction rates. Keywords:  Scientific modeling, Factors affecting chemical reaction rate, Animation

    Effects of Using Guideline for Home Visits for Family Pharmacists of Samutsakhon Hospital

    Get PDF
    Objectives: To determine the effect of home visit using guideline for pharmacists at Samutsakhon Hospital on the patient’s need for home visit. Methods: This quasi-experiment study was the second part of the research and development study to develop the guideline for home visits for family pharmacists conducted from June to December 2015. Fifteen patients with level A of need for home visit (i.e., the highest need) and level B were subject to recruitment. Drug related problems and sufferings were considered in grading these need levels. After home visits, level of home visit need was re-evaluated. Findings on individual patients, as well as, frequency with percentage were presented. Results: All 15 patients were in level A of home visit need. Most were transferred for home visit by pharmacists in in-patient pharmaceutical care service (11 patients). The majority were female (60.00%), married (46.67%), having no job (80.00%), using universal care scheme (93.33%), having caregiver (60.00%), with a mean age of 61 years. Of a total of 47 home visits, 3 home visits were made per patient with a range of 1 to 7 visits. At the end of the study, the majority of the patients stayed at level A (60.00%), while the rest 40.00% were alleviated to level B. Conclusion: Home visits by family pharmacists using the guideline established for Samutsakhon Hospital were executable and could alleviate the need level from A to B in 40% of patients. Future research with a larger sample size and a longer follow-up period should be conducted. Keywords: family pharmacist, guideline for home visit, drug related problems, drug related suffering

    āļœāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĻāļąāļžāļ—āđŒāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ–āļ·āļ­āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĒāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļŠāļđāļ‡āđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļšāļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļĄāļ·āļ­ Effects of A Mobile Phone Application in Examining Dosage of High Alert Drugs Compared with Manual Calculation

    Get PDF
    āļšāļ—āļ„āļąāļ”āļĒāđˆāļ­ āļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒ: āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĒāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļŠāļđāļ‡āđƒāļ™āđƒāļšāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļēāļŠāļĄāļĄāļ•āļīāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™āļšāļ™āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĻāļąāļžāļ—āđŒāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ–āļ·āļ­āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļĄāļ·āļ­ āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē: āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđāļšāļš cross-over design āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩ two-period (āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡ washout period), two-sequence (āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļĄāļ·āļ­ āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ•āļēāļĄāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™), two-method (āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļĄāļ·āļ­) āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļāļĢ 31 āļ„āļ™ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļ™āđ‚āļĢāļ‡āļžāļĒāļēāļšāļēāļĨāļ—āļąāđˆāļ§āđ„āļ›āđāļĨāļ°āđ‚āļĢāļ‡āļžāļĒāļēāļšāļēāļĨāļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒ 5 āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡ āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ˜āļąāļ™āļ§āļēāļ„āļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2558 āļ–āļķāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ™āļēāļ„āļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2559 āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĻāļąāļžāļ—āđŒāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ–āļ·āļ­āļĢāļ°āļšāļšāđāļ­āļ™āļ”āļĢāļ­āļĒāļ”āđŒ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĨāļ°āđ€āļ­āļĩāļĒāļ” āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļĒāļēāđƒāļ™āđƒāļšāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļēāļŠāļĄāļĄāļ•āļīāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ„āļģāļ–āļēāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļšāđƒāļšāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĒāļēāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļĄāđˆ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāļĒāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļŠāļđāļ‡ 6 āļŠāļ™āļīāļ” āļ„āļ·āļ­ dobutamine, dopamine, potassium chloride, nicardipine, nitroglycerine āđāļĨāļ° norepinephrine āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ (1) āļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĒāļē (ml/hr) (2) āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĒāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļš (Âĩg/kg/min) āđāļĨāļ° (3) āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĒāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āļ›āđˆāļ§āļĒāļĢāļēāļĒāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ† (mg) āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļšāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļē 7 āđƒāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĒāļēāļāļ‡āđˆāļēāļĒāđƒāļāļĨāđ‰āđ€āļ„āļĩāļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđāļ•āđˆāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĒāļē āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ āļŠāļąāļŠāļāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĒāļēāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡ 7 āđƒāļšāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļˆāļąāļšāđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļš āđ€āļ›āļĢāļĩāļĒāļšāđ€āļ—āļĩāļĒāļšāļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ–āļđāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡ (āđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ 7 āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™) āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ§āļīāļ™āļēāļ—āļĩāđ‚āļ”āļĒ ANOVA āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē: āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĒāļēāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĄāļēāļāļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļē 6 āļ„āļ°āđāļ™āļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ› āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āđāļ‡āđˆ period, sequence āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ method āđāļ•āđˆāđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āđāļĢāļ (1,014.65 āļ§āļīāļ™āļēāļ—āļĩ) āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ­āļ‡ (852.90 āļ§āļīāļ™āļēāļ—āļĩ) āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ™āļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļ–āļīāļ•āļī (P-value = 0.002) āđāļĨāļ°āđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™ (649.06 āļ§āļīāļ™āļēāļ—āļĩ) āļ™āđ‰āļ­āļĒāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļĄāļ·āļ­ (1,218.48 āļ§āļīāļ™āļēāļ—āļĩ) āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ™āļąāļĒāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļ–āļīāļ•āļī (P-value < 0.001) āļŠāļĢāļļāļ›: āđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™āļšāļ™āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĻāļąāļžāļ—āđŒāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĒāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļŠāļđāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āļĩāļžāļ­ āđ† āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļĄāļ·āļ­ āđāļ•āđˆāļĨāļ”āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļ āļ„āļģāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļ: āđāļ­āļ›āļžāļĨāļīāđ€āļ„āļŠāļąāļ™, āđ‚āļ—āļĢāļĻāļąāļžāļ—āđŒāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ–āļ·āļ­, āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĒāļē, āļĒāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļŠāļđāļ‡ ...  Abstract Objectives: To compare scores and times in examining prescribed doses of high-alert drugs (HADs) in prescriptions between mobile phone application and manual calculation. Methods: This cross-over study tested two-period, two-sequence (application use followed by manual calculation and vice versa) and two-method (application and manual calculation) effects on scores and time in examining prescribed doses of 6 HADs (dobutamine, dopamine, potassium chloride, nicardipine, nitroglycerine and norepinephrine). Sample was 31 pharmacists working in 5 general hospitals and medical centers. The study was conducted from December 2015 to March 2016. The developed android application displayed all calculation steps. With each method, pharmacists examined (1) rate of administration (ml/hr) (2) dose per kg per min and (3) total dose (mg) in 7 prescriptions along with questions with comparable difficulty. Scores (total of 7 points) and time (in seconds) were recorded and statistically tested using ANOVA. Questionnaire on desirable characteristics the application was filled at the end of the experiment and presented as percentage. Results: Total scores on examining the prescribed doses were mostly more than 6 points with no statistical difference regarding differences in period, sequence or method. Time used in the first period (1,014.65 seconds) was longer than that in the second period (852.90 seconds) with statistical significance (P-value = 0.002), and that with application use (649.06 seconds) was shorter than that with manual calculation (1,218.48 seconds) with statistical significance (P-value < 0.001). Conclusion: Mobile phone application offered performance in examining prescribed doses of HADs comparable to that of manual calculation but with a shorter time. Keywords: application, mobile phone, dose examination, high alert drug
    • â€Ķ
    corecore