V4 16S sequencing of batch cultured vaginal microbiota in prebiotics

Vaginal microbiota from 4 subjects (2N, BZ, C9, N6) were collectively grown in vaginally-defined medium without glucose (o), or with 0.5% glucose (G), lactitol (tol), lactulose (lose), raffinose (R) or oligofructose (OF). Time points taken for V4 variable region of 16S rRNA sequencing by Illumina MiSeq were 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after inoculation

Hierarchical clustering of participants by VMB composition.

<p>AV = <i>Atopobium vaginae</i>; BVAB1 = BV-associated bacterium 1; GV = <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i>; L = <i>Lactobacillus</i>; OTU = operational taxonomic unit; VMB = vaginal microbiota. A. The 20 VMB clusters obtained by hierarchical clustering of 546 vaginal samples. Clustering was based on the relative abundance of 455 OTUs. B. Heatmap showing the relative abundance of the most abundant OTUs using the color key on the left.</p

Prevalence of VMB groups by ethnic group.

<p>L = <i>Lactobacillus</i>; GV = <i>Gardnerella vaginalis</i>; VMB = vaginal microbiota. *Excluding GV. A. Prevalence of six VMB groups by ethnic group. The error bars show the 95% confidence intervals for the prevalence of the three <i>Lactobacillus</i>-dominated VMB groups combined and the three VMB groups not dominated by lactobacilli combined for each ethnic group. B. The ‘Other VMB’ group was further subdivided into three subgroups: The prevalence of these subgroups is shown by ethnic group.</p

VMB correlates: Multivariable logistic regression models comparing each VMB cluster to the <i>L</i>. <i>crispatus</i>-dominated cluster.

<p>VMB correlates: Multivariable logistic regression models comparing each VMB cluster to the <i>L</i>. <i>crispatus</i>-dominated cluster.</p

Characteristics of female participants by ethnic group, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (2011–2015).

<p>Characteristics of female participants by ethnic group, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (2011–2015).</p