4 research outputs found
Effect of Maternal Intake of Organically or Conventionally Produced Feed on Oral Tolerance Development in Offspring Rats
The aim of this study was to investigate
the effect of maternal
consumption of organically or conventionally produced feed on immunological
biomarkers and their offsprings’ response to a novel dietary
antigen. First-generation rats were fed plant-based diets from two
different cultivation systems (organic or conventional) or a chow.
Second-generation rats were exposed to ovalbumin (OVA) via their mother’s
milk and subsequently challenged with OVA after weaning onto the chow
diet. In the chow diet group feeding the dams OVA resulted in suppression
of the pups’ anti-OVA antibody response to the OVA challenge
(total OVA-specific IgG was 197 for the OVA-treated chow diet group
and 823 for the control chow diet group (arbitrary ELISA units)).
In contrast, OVA exposure of the dams from the plant-based dietary
groups did not result in a similar suppression. Cultivation system
had no effect on the immunological biomarkers, except for a higher
spleen prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) concentration
in pups originating from dams fed the conventional plant-based diet
(223 ng/L) than from those fed the organic plant-based diet (189 ng/L)
Can Agricultural Cultivation Methods Influence the Healthfulness of Crops for Foods?
The aim of the current study was to investigate if there
are any
health effects of long-term consumption of organically grown crops
using a rat model. Crops were retrieved over two years from a long-term
field trial at three different locations in Denmark, using three different
cultivation systems (OA, organic based on livestock manure; OB, organic
based on green manure; and C, conventional with mineral fertilizers
and pesticides) with two field replicates. The cultivation system
had an impact on the nutritional quality, affecting Îł-tocopherol,
some amino acids, and fatty acid composition. Additionally, the nutritional
quality was affected by harvest year and location. However, harvest
year and location rather than cultivation system affected the measured
health biomarkers. In conclusion, the differences in dietary treatments
composed of ingredients from different cultivation systems did not
lead to significant differences in the measured health biomarkers,
except for a significant difference in plasma IgG levels
Le Miroir des sports : publication hebdomadaire illustrée
01 octobre 19241924/10/01 (A14,N225)-1924/10/01
Data_Sheet_1_A westernized diet changed the colonic bacterial composition and metabolite concentration in a dextran sulfate sodium pig model for ulcerative colitis.docx
IntroductionUlcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by chronic inflammation in the colonic epithelium and has a blurred etiology. A western diet and microbial dysbiosis in the colon were reported to play a role in UC development. In this study, we investigated the effect of a westernized diet, i.e., increasing fat and protein content by including ground beef, on the colonic bacterial composition in a dextran sulfate sodium (DexSS) challenged pig study.MethodsThe experiment was carried out in three complete blocks following a 2Ă—2 factorial design including 24 six-week old pigs, fed either a standard diet (CT) or the standard diet substituted with 15% ground beef to simulate a typical westernized diet (WD). Colitis was induced in half of the pigs on each dietary treatment by oral administration of DexSS (DSS and WD+DSS, respectively). Samples from proximal and distal colon and feces were collected.Results and discussionBacterial alpha diversity was unaffected by experimental block, and sample type. In proximal colon, WD group had similar alpha diversity to CT group and the WD+DSS group showed the lowest alpha diversity compared to the other treatment groups. There was a significant interaction between western diet and DexSS for beta diversity, based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarly. The westernized diet and DexSS resulted in three and seven differentially abundant phyla, 21 and 65 species, respectively, mainly associated with the Firmicutes and Bacteroidota phyla followed by Spirochaetota, Desulfobacterota, and Proteobacteria. The concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) was lowest in the distal colon. Treatment had a slight effect on the estimates for microbial metabolites that might have valuable biological relevance for future studies. The concentration of putrescine in the colon and feces and that of total biogenic amines was highest in the WD+DSS group. We conclude that a westernized diet could be a potential risk factor and an exacerbating agent for UC by reducing the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, increasing the abundance of pathogens such as Helicobacter trogontum, and by increasing the concentration of microbial proteolytic-derived metabolites in the colon.</p