The proportions of clones with the same integration sites.

<p>The proportions of clones with the same integration sites are shown. The same integration sites are identified in 5 (red), 4 (yellow), 3 (light blue), and 2 (blue) different lineage cells. For HAM/TSP1, the proportion of clones with the same integration sites between PBMCs and neutrophils are shown in orange.</p

Top 15 clones of each cell lineage in HAM/TSP#2.

<p>Top 15 clones of each cell lineage in HAM/TSP#2.</p

HTLV-1 infection in multiple lineage hematopoietic cells.

<p>Bone marrow cells from two STLV-1 infected JMs were cultured for 24 hours after removal of CD8⁺ T cells. (A, B) Tax expression in bone marrow cells of two STLV-1 infected JMs. Mononuclear cells from bone marrow were stained by various antibodies. Tax expression was shown in association with CD3, CD4, CD8, CD34 and CD33 expression.</p

Persistence of HTLV-1 infected clones in HAM/TSP patients at different time point.

<p>HTLV-1 integration sites are determined using high throughput sequencing using genomic DNAs from neutrophils one year later in two HAM/TSP patients. The cell number of each clone is demonstrated by color. The longitudinal column represents the same integration site.</p

HTLV-1 infection in neutrophils and monocytes.

<p>(A) Tax expression is detected by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy in MT4 and neutrophils from HAM/TSP patients using anti-Tax antibody and secondary Alexa Fluor 488 antibody. Myeloperoxidase expression is also detected in neutrophils using anti-MPO antibody and secondary Alexa Fluor 568 antibody. Jurkat was used as a negative control. MT4, HTLV-1 infected cell line; Jurkat cells, HTLV-1 negative human T-cell line. DAPI (blue) was used for nuclei staining. (B) JET WT35 cells were co-cultured with HPB-ATL-2 cells in the presence and absence of azidothymidine (AZT) or raltegravir (RAL), or HTLV-1 uninfected T cell line, CCRF-CEM. The number of tdTomato-positive cells is presented. (C) Dendritic cells were induced from monocytes from HAM/TSP patients, and then differentiated DCs were co-cultured with JET WT35. After 48 hours, newly infected JET WT35 was shown to be red. (D) Quantitative data of co-culture between differentiated DCs and JET WT35 cells. The count of tdTomato positive cells and the number of cells used for this experiment are shown.</p

Top 15 clones of each cell lineage in HAM/TSP#3.

<p>Top 15 clones of each cell lineage in HAM/TSP#3.</p