Conference of Microelectronics Research 2000

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Signs, Signs, Everywhere are Signs : Extended Encultured Cognition and Implicature Calculation

This dissertation explores how hearers figure out what a speaker means but does not literally say. The externalist account I develop claims that language use is primarily a form of communal interaction. We navigate social environments by responding to externally located social cues. The standard, internalist picture of how we figure out what is meant but unsaid holds that hearers first perceive utterances, then perform mental machinations on the thoughts representing the utterances, and finally infer what the speaker must have meant. The internalist picture entails that the reasons communicative agents have for connecting the utterance with what is meant is locked up inside the individual agents. The internalist paints a counterintuitive picture of communication: successful communication is a matter of luck since whatever you mean by what you say is inaccessible to me. It\u27s merely lucky that I landed on the meaning you intended for me to land on for our conversation roll on. My externalist account avoids this problem by moving information used in social interactions to the external, shared social world

How to Power Encultured Minds

Cultural psychologists often describe the relationship between mind and culture as ‘dynamic.’ In light of this, we provide two desiderata that a theory about encultured minds ought to meet: the theory ought to reflect how cultural psychologists describe their own findings and it ought to be thoroughly naturalistic. We show that a realist theory of causal powers — which holds that powers are causally-efficacious and empirically-discoverable — fits the bill. After an introduction to the major concepts in cultural psychology and describing causal power realism, we use a case study — the effects of pathogen prevalence on culture and cognition — to show the explanatory capacities of the powers framewor

How to Power Encultured Minds

Cultural psychologists often describe the relationship between mind and culture as ‘dynamic.’ In light of this, we provide two desiderata that a theory about encultured minds ought to meet: the theory ought to reflect how cultural psychologists describe their own findings and it ought to be thoroughly naturalistic. We show that a realist theory of causal powers — which holds that powers are causally-efficacious and empirically-discoverable — fits the bill. After an introduction to the major concepts in cultural psychology and describing causal power realism, we use a case study — the effects of pathogen prevalence on culture and cognition — to show the explanatory capacities of the powers framewor

Diversity and Resistance to Change: Macro Conditions for Marginalization in Post-industrial Societies

We argue that two society-level properties—resistance to change and diversity within a culture—significantly affect agents' degrees of marginalization, which is here defined as access to cultural knowledge and institutional means for accomplishing cultural goals. We develop an agent-based model using findings from Norasakkunkit et al. (Norasakkunkit and Uchida, 2011, 2014; Norasakkunkit et al., 2012). We found that varying the degrees of resistance to change and diversity affected similarities between the mainstream subculture and other subcultures, changes in subcultures over time, and the relative population proportion of each subculture. In particular, we found that high diversity and low resistance to change created the greatest cultural changes within the marginalized subculture over time and allowed for maximal growth of rebellious subcultures. Also, low diversity and high resistance to change allowed for maximal growth of the marginalized subcultures and the greatest overlap between the marginalized and mainstream subcultures. These have important implications for understanding the emergence and maintenance of marginalization in post-industrial societies

Nutritional and Economic Aspects of Feed Utilization by Dairy Cows

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Nutritional and economic aspects of feed utilization by dairy cows

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