Normal functions for algebraically trivial cycles are algebraic for arithmetic reasons

For families of smooth complex projective varieties we show that normal functions arising from algebraically trivial cycle classes are algebraic, and defined over the field of definition of the family. In particular, the zero loci of those functions are algebraic and defined over such a field of definition. This proves a conjecture of Charles.Comment: New title. 15 page

In Search of a Theory of Integrated Marketing Communications

For the most part, the literature base for Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) has developed from an applied or tactical level rather than from an intellectual or theoretical one. Since industry, practitioner and even academic studies have provided little insight into what IMC is and how it operates, our approach has been to investigate that other IMC community, that is, the academic or instructional group responsible for disseminating IMC knowledge. We proposed that the people providing course instruction and directing research activities have some basis for how they organize, consider and therefore instruct in the area of IMC. A syllabi analysis of 87 IMC units in six countries investigated the content of the unit, its delivery both physically and conceptually, and defined the audience of the unit. The study failed to discover any type of latent theoretical foundation that might be used as a base for understanding IMC. The students who are being prepared to extend, expand and enhance IMC concepts do not appear to be well-served by the curriculum we found in our research. The study concludes with a model for further IMC curriculum development

Ethnic Innovation and U.S. Multinational Firm Activity

This paper studies the impact that immigrant innovators have on the global activities of U.S. firms by analyzing detailed data on patent applications and on the operations of the foreign affiliates of U.S. multinational firms. The results indicate that increases in the share of a firm’s innovation performed by inventors of a particular ethnicity are associated with increases in the share of that firm’s affiliate activity in their native countries. Ethnic innovators also appear to facilitate the disintegration of innovative activity across borders and to allow U.S. multinationals to form new affiliates abroad without the support of local joint venture partners. Thus, this paper points out that immigration can enhance the competitiveness of multinational firms

Afferent Convergence from Divergent Sources Appears to Enhance the Spastic Patient\u27s Ability to Inhibit Antagonist Motoneurons During an Agonist Contraction

Spasticity and excessive muscular cocontraction during movement are common impairments following upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions. For example, during voluntary ankle dorsiflexion, individuals with spastic type cerebral palsy (CP) do not inhibit the antagonist triceps surae motoneuron pool