The effect of catecholaminergic depletion within the prelimbic and infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex on recognition memory for recency, location, and objects

There is good evidence that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is involved in different aspects of recognition memory. However, the mPFC is a heterogeneous structure, and the contribution of the prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) cortices to recognition memory has not been investigated. Similarly, the role of different neuromodulators within the mPFC in these processes is poorly understood. To this end, we tested animals with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the PL and IL mPFC on three tests of object recognition memory that required judgments about recency, object location, and object identity. In the recency task, lesions to both PL and IL severely impaired animals' ability to differentiate between old (earlier presented) and recently presented familiar objects. Relative to sham and PL animals, the IL lesion also disrupted performance on the object location task. However, both lesions left novel object recognition intact. These data confirm previous reports that the mPFC is not required for discriminations based on the relative familiarity of individual objects. However, these results demonstrate that catecholamines within the PL cortex are crucial for relative recency judgments and suggest a possible role for neural processing within the IL in the integration of information about object locatio

Bibliography of Secondary Sources on the History of Dermatology II. Obituaries and Biographies in English before 1973

Bibliography of Secondary Sources on the History of Dermatology II. Obituaries and Biographies in English before 197

Bag Model for a Link in a Closed Gluonic Chain

The large $N_c$ limit of Yang-Mills gauge theory is the dynamics of a closed gluonic chain, but this fact does not obviate the inherently strong coupling nature of the dynamical problem. However, we suggest that a single link in such a chain might be reasonably described in the quasi-perturbative language of gluons and their interactions. To implement this idea, we use the MIT bag to model the physics of a nearest neighbor bond.Comment: 10 pages, LaTe

Book Reviews

Wesleyan Perspectives on the New Creation M. Douglas Meeks, ed. Nashville: Kingswood, 2004, 200 pp., paper, 2004, $30.00 Reviewed by William J Abraham Christ Plays in Ten Thousand Places Eugene H. Peterson Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2005, xii, 368pp. cloth,$25.00 Reviewed by Elaine A. Heath The Evangelical Moment: The Promise of an American Religion By Kenneth J. Collins Grand Rapids: Baker Academic Press 2005, 288 pp., paper, 22.99 Reviewed by Nathan Crawford Theology as History and Hermeneutics: A Post-Critical Evangelical Conversation with Contemporary Theology Laurence W. Wood Lexington: Emeth Publisher 2004, 261 pp. Reviewed by Nathan Crawford Resistance and Theological Ethics Ronald H. Stone and Robert L. Stivers, eds. Lanham, Maryland: Roman & Littlefield Publishers 2004, ri, 334 pp. paper, 28.95 Reviewed by Joerg Rieger The Ripple Church: Multiply Your Ministry by Parenting New Churches Phil Stevenson Indianapolis, IN: Wesleyan Publishing House 2004. pp. 186, $12.99. Reviewed by J.D. Payne The Struggle to Understand Isaiah as Christian Scripture Brevard S. Childs Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2004, xii, 332 pp. caseboulld,$35.00 Reviewed by John N. Oswalt God is Not Religious, Nice, One of Us, an American, a Capitalist D. Brent Laytham, ed. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Press. 2004, 152 pp., paper, $15.99 Reviewed by Michael Rynkiwitch A Short Introduction to Hermeneutics David Jasper Louisville, KY: Westmilnster John Knox Press 2004, xii, 148 pp. paper,$19.95 Reviewed by Charles M. Woo

Random close packing of granular matter

We propose an interpretation of the random close packing of granular materials as a phase transition, and discuss the possibility of experimental verification.Comment: 6 page

Formation of hot tear under controlled solidification conditions

Aluminum alloy 7050 is known for its superior mechanical properties, and thus finds its application in aerospace industry. Vertical direct-chill (DC) casting process is typically employed for producing such an alloy. Despite its advantages, AA7050 is considered as a "hard-to-cast" alloy because of its propensity to cold cracking. This type of cracks occurs catastrophically and is difficult to predict. Previous research suggested that such a crack could be initiated by undeveloped hot tears (microscopic hot tear) formed during the DC casting process if they reach a certain critical size. However, validation of such a hypothesis has not been done yet. Therefore, a method to produce a hot tear with a controlled size is needed as part of the verification studies. In the current study, we demonstrate a method that has a potential to control the size of the created hot tear in a small-scale solidification process. We found that by changing two variables, cooling rate and displacement compensation rate, the size of the hot tear during solidification can be modified in a controlled way. An X-ray microtomography characterization technique is utilized to quantify the created hot tear. We suggest that feeding and strain rate during DC casting are more important compared with the exerted force on the sample for the formation of a hot tear. In addition, we show that there are four different domains of hot-tear development in the explored experimental window-compression, microscopic hot tear, macroscopic hot tear, and failure. The samples produced in the current study will be used for subsequent experiments that simulate cold-cracking conditions to confirm the earlier proposed model.This research was carried out within the Materials innovation institute (www.m2i.nl) research framework, project no. M42.5.09340

Optical Detection of a Single Nuclear Spin

We propose a method to optically detect the spin state of a 31-P nucleus embedded in a 28-Si matrix. The nuclear-electron hyperfine splitting of the 31-P neutral-donor ground state can be resolved via a direct frequency discrimination measurement of the 31-P bound exciton photoluminescence using single photon detectors. The measurement time is expected to be shorter than the lifetime of the nuclear spin at 4 K and 10 T.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure