319 research outputs found

    The \u3csup\u3e13\u3c/sup\u3eC-NMR Solid State Spectroscopy of Various Classes of Coals

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    The 13C-NMR spectra of various classes of coal obtained in the solid state show two resonances, one of which is assigned to aromatic carbon and the other to aliphatic carbon. The resonances are very broad with the high field resonance centered at about 7 ppm below tetramethylsilane and a low field resonance centered at about 140 ppm below tetramethysilane. Based on our previous solid state 13C-NMR studies of graphite and diamond, the high field resonance is typical of a sp3 carbon whereas the low fields resonance is assigned to a sp2 carbon whereas the low fields resonance is assigned to a sp2 carbon. It is found that the antracitic coals have more aromatic (sp2) carbons than the bituminous, subbituminous and lignite coals. The analytical implications of this technique are briefly discussed

    The Solid State \u3csup\u3e13\u3c/sup\u3eC-NMR Spectra of Some Carbides

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    The utility of NMR spectroscopy to the study of liquids or solids dissolved in liquids is well known. This technique has been used infrequently to studies in the solid state[I,2]. Work has been done on diamond, graphite and coa113-6]. The 13C-NMR of ebony and ivory have been studied by the magic angle technique[7]. The solid state 13C-NMR spectra of graphite and diamond can be interpreted in terms of tetrahedral (sp3) and trigonal planar (sp2) carbon atoms[8]. We now report our investigations using solid state 13C-NMR spectroscopy to study various types of carbides

    The Mirror Image Conflicts Case

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    Since the 1969 decision of the Missouri Supreme Court in Kennedy v. Dixon, adopting for Missouri the Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws, approach to tort choice-of-law cases, only two Missouri cases have raised what can be characterized as difficult tort choice-of-law problems. One of these cases, Griggs v. Riley, presented the Missouri Court of Appeals for the St. Louis District with a factual situation that, when considered by courts of other jurisdictions, has evoked widespread commentary and produced divergent results. The situation arises when a guest and host from an immunity jurisdiction are involved in an accident in a no-immunity jurisdiction. At first glance, the case appears to present merely the “mirror image” of the now classic “false conflict” case, in which a guest and host from a no-immunity jurisdiction are involved in an accident in an immunity jurisdiction. This Article will examine in detail the competing policies at work in the “mirror image” case, using Griggs as the basic fact pattern and analyzing the method of resolution proposed by the Restatement (Second)

    Screening and Summary Procedures in the United States Courts of Appeals

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    The federal intermediate appellate system is on the verge of ceasing to function as an effective administrator of justice. The courts of appeals have therefore taken upon themselves the task of devising methods to speed the flow of cases. These methods, commonly termed screening and summary procedures, involve eliminating or limiting oral argument in selected cases and deciding cases without publishing a written opinion if the court concludes that an opinion would be without precedential value. Although the use of these new procedures in all circuits is considered, emphasis will be on the Fifth Circuit, which has extensively used screening and summary procedures. That circuit instituted its screening procedures in late 1968 and has kept detailed records that facilitate analysis of its experience. The purpose of this Article is to show the need for and extensive use of these procedures and to explore several serious issues raised by their use. Those issues include possible limitations, both statutory and constitutional, on the right of the courts of appeals to eliminate oral argument by local rule, and a suggestion, based on the Fifth Circuit’s experience, that the elimination of oral argument and written opinions may produce an undesirable side effect on the outcome of cases decided in the courts of appeals

    A Solid State \u3csup\u3e13\u3c/sup\u3eC-NMR Study of Diamonds and Graphites

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    The 13C-NMR spectra of gem quality and industrial diamonds show two resonances with the more intense resonance at high field. Two resonances are also shown in 13C-NMR spectra of various graphites; however, the low field resonance is of greater intensity than the high field resonance in the graphites. The resonances are very broad and they are assigned to graphite type (sp2) carbon and diamond type (sp3) carbon

    A Proposed New Federal Intermediate Appellate Court

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    This article begins with an analysis of the recent history of federal appellate court reform efforts. It then focuses on three areas of federal litigation - tax law, patent law, and environmental law - in which there are exceptional needs for uniformity in the law but in which uncertainty in legal doctrine is especially pronounced. To make the law more uniform and predictable in these areas, the article proposes the new intermediate appellate court and sets forth in detail the jurisdiction arid structure of this court. The article concludes by pointing out aspects of this proposal that should make it especially advantageous and also more acceptable than previous recommendations for appellate court reorganization

    The Solid State \u3csup\u3e13\u3c/sup\u3eC-NMR and \u3csup\u3e19\u3c/sup\u3eF-NMR Spectra of Some Graphite Fluorides

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    The solid state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of fluorinated graphites show two resonances, one of which is assigned to aromatic carbon and the other to aliphatic carbon. The resonances are very broad with the high-field resonance centered at about 35 ppm below tetramethylsilane (TMS) and a low-field resonance centered at about 160 ppm below tetramethylsilane. The high-field resonance is typical of an sp3-like carbon and the low-field resonance is assigned to sp2-like carbons. It is found that the aromatic resonance in graphite decreases with an increase in fluorination of the graphite fluorides examined in this study. The 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of C4F and CF1 each show one resonance. The fluorine resonance in C4F is 180 ppm above CFCI3 whereas the fluorine resonance in CF1 is 55 ppm above CFCI3. These peaks are in the range for fluorine bonded to aromatic and aliphatic carbons, respectively
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