The Effect of Extracurricular Activities on Friendship Diversity: A Look into an Organizational Aspect of College Activities and Cross-Group Relationships

With research supporting the benefits of racial diversity within the workplace and in academic settings, many colleges and universities have begun ramping up efforts to increase racial diversity within their student bodies. Gordon Allport’s contact hypothesis theory (1954) suggests that increasing racial diversity alone does not increase friendship diversity, but that support for cross-group interactions by persons in authority helps to promote meaningful interactions across racial groups. This paper looks at the effects of extracurricular activities on friendship diversity of individuals at the college level by distinguishing between if an individual is selected by authority figures or if that individual self-selects into that activity, after controlling for personal characteristics and high school diversity. The results show a positive correlation between joining an extracurricular activity into which one is selected by members of authority, and that individual’s friendship diversity. However when distinguishing between Whites and non-Whites, the results show that non-white students who are members of selective groups have increased friendship diversity, but Whites do not. As suggested by previous research, race, sex, and high school diversity are also strongly correlated with friendship diversity

Education Deans: Challenges and Stress

Abstract: This study explored issues facing deans within higher education, specifically deans of doctoral granting schools/colleges of education. The study explored key challenges/issues and related stress education deans experience at research universities

Social Freedom and Self-Actualization: “Normative Reconstruction” as a Theory of Justice

In Freedom's Right Axel Honneth seeks to provide a theory of justice by appropriatingHegel's account of ethical substance in the Philosophy of Right, but hewants to do sowithout endorsingHegel'smore robust idealist commitments. I argue that this project can only succeed if Honneth can offer an alternative, comparatively robust demonstration of the rationality and normative coherence of existing social institutions. I contend that the grounds Honneth provides for this claimare insufficient for his purposes. In particular, I argue that Honneth's claim that "justice and individual self-determination are mutually referential," even were it to be accepted, would be insufficient to underwrite hismore robust identification between the normative foundations of justice, autonomy and reciprocal self-realization. In the final section of the paper, I turn to Honneth's analysis of the "social institution" of friendship,which he, followingHegel, holds up as a paradigmatic instantiation of social freedom understood as, in Hegel's words, "being with oneself in another" (Beisichselbstsein in einem Anderen). I argue that an analysis of the normative import of friendship wholly in terms of mutual recognition misses an important aspect of the kind of self-realization that friendship makes possible

The global burden of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background Non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality. Malnourished children, those with recent malaria or sickle-cell anaemia, and adults with HIV infection are at particularly high risk of disease. We sought to estimate the burden of disease attributable to non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017. Methods We did a systematic review of scientific databases and grey literature, and estimated non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease incidence and mortality for the years 1990 to 2017, by age, sex, and geographical location using DisMod-MR, a Bayesian meta-regression tool. We estimated case fatality by age, HIV status, and sociodemographic development. We also calculated the HIV-attributable fraction and estimated health gap metrics, including disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Findings We estimated that 535 000 (95% uncertainty interval 409 000-705 000) cases of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease occurred in 2017, with the highest incidence in sub-Saharan Africa (34.5 [26.6-45.0] cases per 100 000 person-years) and in children younger than 5 years (34.3 [23.2-54.7] cases per 100 000 person-years). 77 500 (46 400-123 000) deaths were estimated in 2017, of which 18 400 (12 000-27 700) were attributable to HIV. The remaining 59 100 (33 300-98 100) deaths not attributable to HIV accounted for 4.26 million (2.38-7.38) DALYs in 2017. Mean all-age case fatality was 14.5% (9.2-21.1), with higher estimates among children younger than 5 years (13.5% [8.4-19.8]) and elderly people (51.2% [30.2-72.9] among those aged >= 70 years), people with HIV infection (41.8% [30.0-54.0]), and in areas of low sociodemographic development (eg, 15.8% [10.0-22.9] in sub-Saharan Africa). Interpretation We present the first global estimates of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease that have been produced as part of GBD 2017. Given the high disease burden, particularly in children, elderly people, and people with HIV infection, investigating the sources and transmission pathways of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease is crucial to implement effective preventive and control measures. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Copyright (c) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Keywords: 195 COUNTRIES; CLINICAL PRESENTATION; TERRITORIES; RESISTANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; DISABILITY; INJURIES; OUTCOME

The Lantern Vol. 4, No. 2, March 1936

• Cooperative Democracy • Fantasy • Drama: Porgy and Bess • Foreign Entanglements • The Kibitzer • My Gallery of Old Folks • My Friend, Mark Twain • Jimmy and Waffles • Reminiscence • Gold Dust • After Twenty Centuries • All the World\u27s a Stage • Early Medicinehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1007/thumbnail.jp

Electrocorticographic changes in field potentials following natural somatosensory percepts in humans

Objective: Restoration of somatosensory deficits in humans requires a clear understanding of the neural representations of percepts. To characterize the cortical response to naturalistic somatosensation, we examined field potentials in the primary somatosensory cortex of humans. Methods: Four patients with intractable epilepsy were implanted with subdural electrocorticography (ECoG) electrodes over the hand area of S1. Three types of stimuli were applied, soft-repetitive touch, light touch, and deep touch. Power in the alpha (8–15 Hz), beta (15–30 Hz), low-gamma (30–50 Hz), and high-gamma (50–125 Hz) frequency bands were evaluated for significance. Results: Seventy-seven percent of electrodes over the hand area of somatosensory cortex exhibited changes in these bands. High-gamma band power increased for all stimuli, with concurrent alpha and beta band power decreases. Earlier activity was seen in these bands in deep touch and light touch compared to soft touch. Conclusions: These findings are consistent with prior literature and suggest a widespread response to focal touch, and a different encoding of deeper pressure touch than soft touch

Critical Currents and Vortex States at Fractional Matching Fields in Superconductors with Periodic Pinning

We study vortex states and dynamics in 2D superconductors with periodic pinning at fractional sub-matching fields using numerical simulations. For square pinning arrays we show that ordered states form at 1/1, 1/2, and 1/4 filling fractions while only partially ordered states form at other filling fractions, such as 1/3 and 1/5, in agreement with recent imaging experiments. For triangular pinning arrays we observe matching effects at filling fractions of 1/1, 6/7, 2/3, 1/3, 1/4, 1/6, and 1/7. For both square and triangular pinning arrays we also find that, for certian sub-matching fillings, vortex configurations depend on pinning strength. For weak pinning, ordering in which a portion of the vortices are positioned between pinning sites can occur. Depinning of the vortices at the matching fields, where the vortices are ordered, is elastic while at the incommensurate fields the motion is plastic. At the incommensurate fields, as the applied driving force is increased, there can be a transition to elastic flow where the vortices move along the pinning sites in 1D channels and a reordering transition to a triangular or distorted triangular lattice. We also discuss the current-voltage curves and how they relate to the vortex ordering at commensurate and incommensurate fields.Comment: 14 figure