Additional file 1: Appendix Table S1. of Challenges to implementing Gavi’s health system strengthening support in Chad and Cameroon: results from a mixed-methods evaluation

Districts visited for field visit checklists. Appendix Table S2. Changes to Chad’s planned HSS activities, before and after reprogramming. Appendix Table S3a. Status of HSS implementation in Cameroon, October 2015. Appendix Table S3b. Status of HSS implementation in Chad, July 2015. Appendix Table S4. Results from the Root Cause Analysis organized by Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) domains and constructs. (DOCX 27 kb

Additional file 4: of Health in Yemen: losing ground in war time

Estimates of maternal and child health indicators and their 95% confidence intervals, 2013–2016, and percent change from 2013 to 2016 by governorate, Yemen. (DOCX 80 kb

Additional file 1: of Health in Yemen: losing ground in war time

Table S1. Data sources and their use in “Health in Yemen: losing ground in war time”. (DOCX 17 kb

Additional file 5: of Health in Yemen: losing ground in war time

[A] Maps of maternal and child health indicators' estimates in 2016; [B] percent change from 2013 and 2016; [C] estimates in 2013, 2014, 2015, and 2016. In panel [C], the boxes indicate the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile across all governorates, while the lines indicate the full range across governorates and the dots indicate national-level estimates. (DOCX 1389 kb

Additional file 3: of Health in Yemen: losing ground in war time

Health in Yemen: losing ground in war time, detailed methodology. (DOCX 25 kb

Additional file 2: of Health in Yemen: losing ground in war time

Figure S1. Proportion of total airstrikes in [A] 2015 and [B] 2016, and airstrikes per 1000 population in [C] 2015 and [D] 2016 in Yemen, Figure S2. Change in population due to internally displaced persons from [A] 2013–2015 and [B] 2015–2016 in Yemen. Figure S3. Percent change in [A] severe food insecurity, [B] wheat flour price, [C] wealth index, 2013–2016 in Yemen. Figure S4. Percent change in access to [A] untreated water sources based on SDI, [B] unimproved toilets based on SDI, 2013–2016 in Yemen. (DOCX 1629 kb

Distribution of HIV screening during pregnancy by socio-demographic and health care-related characteristics.

<p>Distribution of HIV screening during pregnancy by socio-demographic and health care-related characteristics.</p

Distribution of women from those eligible to be interviewed to those included in the analysis sample.

<p>Distribution of women from those eligible to be interviewed to those included in the analysis sample.</p

Healthy competition drives success in results-based aid: Lessons from the Salud Mesoamérica Initiative

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>The Salud Mesoamérica Initiative (SMI) is a three-operation strategy, and is a pioneer in the world of results-based aid (RBA) in terms of the success it has achieved in improving health system inputs following its initial operation. This success in meeting pre-defined targets is rare in the world of financial assistance for health. We investigated the influential aspects of SMI that could have contributed to its effectiveness in improving health systems, with the aim of providing international donors, bilateral organizations, philanthropies, and recipient countries with new perspectives that can help increase the effectiveness of future assistance for health, specifically in the arena of RBA.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Qualitative methods based on the criteria of relevance and effectiveness proposed by the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Our methods included document review, key informant interviews, a focus group discussion, and a partnership analysis.</p><p>Participants</p><p>A purposive sample of 113 key informants, comprising donors, representatives from the Inter-American Development Bank, ministries of health, technical assistance organizations, evaluation organizations, and health care providers.</p><p>Results</p><p>During May–October 2016, we interviewed regarding the relevance and effectiveness of SMI. Themes emerged relative to the topics we investigated, and covered the design and the drivers of success of the initiative. The success is due to 1) the initiative’s regional approach, which pressured recipient countries to compete toward meeting targets, 2) a robust and flexible design that incorporated the richness of input from stakeholders at all levels, 3) the design-embedded evaluation component that created a culture of accountability among recipient countries, and 4) the reflective knowledge environment that created a culture of evidence-based decision-making.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>A regional approach involving all appropriate stakeholders, and based on knowledge sharing and embedded evaluation can help ensure the effectiveness of future results-based aid programs for health in global settings.</p></div

Timeline of Salud Mesoamerica Initiative’s operations and respective indicators’ measurements.

<p>^a: baseline measurements were conducted in 2011 only in El Salvador. ^b: on average operations are 24 months but do not start at the same time in all countries and hence might appear longer. ^c: dates for the 3rd operation and its respective indicators’ measurements are not final at this time.</p