22,516 research outputs found
Hybrid Search: Effectively Combining Keywords and Semantic Searches
This paper describes hybrid search, a search method supporting both document and knowledge retrieval via the flexible combination of ontologybased search and keyword-based matching. Hybrid search smoothly copes with
lack of semantic coverage of document content, which is one of the main limitations of current semantic search methods. In this paper we define hybrid search formally, discuss its compatibility with the current semantic trends and present a reference implementation: K-Search. We then show how the method outperforms both keyword-based search and pure semantic search in terms of precision and recall in a set of experiments performed on a collection of about 18.000 technical documents. Experiments carried out with professional users show that users understand the paradigm and consider it very powerful and reliable. K-Search has been ported to two applications released at Rolls-Royce
plc for searching technical documentation about jet engines
Modeling the evolution of infrared luminous galaxies: the influence of the Luminosity-Temperature distribution
The evolution of the luminous infrared galaxy population is explored using a
pure luminosity evolution model which incorporates the locally observed
luminosity-temperature distribution for IRAS galaxies. Pure luminosity
evolution models in a fixed CDM cosmology are fitted to submillimeter
(submm) and infrared counts, and backgrounds. It is found that the differences
between the locally determined bivariate model and the single variable
luminosity function (LF) do not manifest themselves in the observed counts, but
rather are primarily apparent in the dust temperatures of sources in flux
limited surveys. Statistically significant differences in the redshift
distributions are also observed. The bivariate model is used to predict the
counts, redshifts and temperature distributions of galaxies detectable by {\it
Spitzer}. The best fitting model is compared to the high-redshift submm galaxy
population, revealing a median redshift for the total submm population of
, in good agreement with recent spectroscopic studies of
submillimeter galaxies. The temperature distribution for the submm galaxies is
modeled to predict the radio/submm indices of the submm galaxies, revealing
that submm galaxies exhibit a broader spread in spectral energy distributions
than seen in the local IRAS galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Quality of several figures reduced
due to size restriction
Alternative Feedbase Systems for Southern Australia Dairy Farms. 3. Economic Returns from Extra Dry Matter Consumption
Growth rates of the \u27traditional\u27 perennial ryegrass pasture frequently fail to meet the seasonal feed requirements of herds in non-irrigated dairy systems in southern Australia, leading to a dependence upon additional feed at these times of the year. Farmers commonly purchase this feed off-farm, which can be costly. Growing extra feed on-farm may be more cost effective but will require additional inputs such as N fertiliser and alternative pastures/crops. The gross return to dairy farms of growing extra feed at certain times of the year can be estimated by connecting biophysical models of pasture growth to farm systems models and financial analysis tools (e.g. Chapman et al. 2005). Farmers can then measure additional costs incurred in growing this feed against the margin available to help decide on cost-effective feeding strategies. This paper reports such an analysis for non-irrigated dairy farms in southwest Victoria using different calving policies
Submillimetre observations of a sample of broad absorption line quasars
The broad absorption line (BAL) features seen in a small fraction of quasar
optical/UV spectra are attributed to bulk outflows away from the quasar core.
Observational evidence suggests that dust plays a key role in these systems,
although whether the inferred dust properties are a signature of orientation
effects or whether they are indicative of an evolutionary sequence remains an
outstanding issue. Submillimetre (submm) detections of BAL quasars (BALQSOs),
which would clearly help to resolve this issue, have so far been sparse. This
paper reports on new submm observations of seven BALQSOs. The strongest
influence on the observed flux is found to be the redshift, with the two
highest redshift sources appearing intrinsically more submm-luminous than the
lower redshift ones. Since this trend is also seen in other high redshift AGN,
including non-BAL quasars it implies that the dust emission properties of these
systems are no different from those of the general AGN population, which is
difficult to reconcile with the evolutionary interpretation of the BAL
phenomenon.Comment: 5 Pages, to appear in ApJ Letter
Alternative Feedbase Systems for Southern Australia Dairy Farms: 1. Predicted Pasture/Crop Consumption and Farm Financial Performance
Traditional perennial ryegrass-based pastures have significant limitations for efficient feeding of dairy cattle in dryland dairy regions of southern Australia. These include strong seasonality of growth, with 50 - 60% of total annual dry matter arriving in spring and little or no growth during summer. There is clear potential for improving total forage production and the seasonality of forage supply in these regions through the use of alternative pastures (Nie et al. 2004) and fodder crops. This series of papers applies a modelling approach to investigate the potential improvements in farm productivity and profitability resulting from their use
Alternative Feedbase Systems for Southern Australia Dairy Farms. 2. Seasonal Variability
The standard feedbase on non-irrigated dairy farms in southern Australia is perennial ryegrass- dominant pasture supplemented by concentrate feeds, silage and hay to fill seasonal feed gaps. Using models, Chapman et al. (2005) concluded that dairy producers in this region can increase forage consumption and operating profit through the use of summer-active pastures and double-cropping (winter cereal grown for silage, followed by a summer grazing crop). However, these results were based on long-term average pasture and crop growth rates and therefore do not account for seasonal variability associated with climatic variation, which is important in southern Australia. This paper investigates the interaction between seasonal conditions and feedbase system to determine the potential risk associated with changing to alternative pastures or crops
Examples of mathematical modeling tales from the crypt
Mathematical modeling is being increasingly recognized within the biomedical sciences as an important tool that can aid the understanding of biological systems. The heavily regulated cell renewal cycle in the colonic crypt provides a good example of how modeling can be used to find out key features of the system kinetics, and help to explain both the breakdown of homeostasis and the initiation of tumorigenesis. We use the cell population model by Johnston et al. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 4008-4013, to illustrate the power of mathematical modeling by considering two key questions about the cell population dynamics in the colonic crypt. We ask: how can a model describe both homeostasis and unregulated growth in tumorigenesis; and to which parameters in the system is the model most sensitive? In order to address these questions, we discuss what type of modeling approach is most appropriate in the crypt. We use the model to argue why tumorigenesis is observed to occur in stages with long lag phases between periods of rapid growth, and we identify the key parameters
On the proportion of cancer stem cells in a tumour
It is now generally accepted that cancers contain a sub-population, the cancer stem cells (CSCs), which initiate and drive a tumourâs growth. At least until recently it has been widely assumed that only a small proportion of the cells in a tumour are CSCs. Here we use a mathematical model, supported by experimental evidence, to show that such an assumption is unwarranted. We show that CSCs may comprise any possible proportion of the tumour, and that the higher the proportion the more aggressive the tumour is likely to be
Realistic Expanding Source Model for Invariant One-Particle Multiplicity Distributions and Two-Particle Correlations in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
We present a realistic expanding source model with nine parameters that are
necessary and sufficient to describe the main physics occuring during
hydrodynamical freezeout of the excited hadronic matter produced in
relativistic heavy-ion collisions. As a first test of the model, we compare it
to data from central Si + Au collisions at p_lab/A = 14.6 GeV/c measured in
experiment E-802 at the AGS. An overall chi-square per degree of freedom of
1.055 is achieved for a fit to 1416 data points involving invariant pi^+, pi^-,
K^+, and K^- one-particle multiplicity distributions and pi^+ and K^+
two-particle correlations. The 99-percent-confidence region of parameter space
is identified, leading to one-dimensional error estimates on the nine fitted
parameters and other calculated physical quantities. Three of the most
important results are the freezeout temperature, longitudinal proper time, and
baryon density along the symmetry axis. For these we find values of 92.9 +/-
4.4 MeV, 8.2 +/- 2.2 fm/c, and 0.0222 + 0.0096 / - 0.0069 fm^-3, respectively.Comment: 37 pages and 12 figures. RevTeX 3.0. Submitted to Physical Review C.
Complete preprint, including device-independent (dvi), PostScript, and LaTeX
versions of the text, plus PostScript files of all figures, are available at
http://t2.lanl.gov/publications/publications.html or at
ftp://t2.lanl.gov/publications/res
Photoionization and Photoelectric Loading of Barium Ion Traps
Simple and effective techniques for loading barium ions into linear Paul
traps are demonstrated. Two-step photoionization of neutral barium is achieved
using a weak intercombination line (6s2 1S0 6s6p 3P1, 791 nm) followed by
excitation above the ionization threshold using a nitrogen gas laser (337 nm).
Isotopic selectivity is achieved by using a near Doppler-free geometry for
excitation of the triplet 6s6p 3P1 state. Additionally, we report a
particularly simple and efficient trap loading technique that employs an
in-expensive UV epoxy curing lamp to generate photoelectrons.Comment: 5 pages, Accepted to PRA 3/20/2007 -fixed typo -clarified figure 3
caption -added reference [15
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