Zero-Dimensional/Two-Dimensional Au₂₅(Cys)₁₈ Nanoclusters/g‑C₃N₄ Nanosheets Composites for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production under Visible Light

Au₂₅(Cys)₁₈ nanoclusters/g-C₃N₄ nanosheets composite photocatalysts were fabricated via a facile wet impregnation method. Modifying g-C₃N₄ nanosheets with Au₂₅(Cys)₁₈ nanoclusters led to the enhancement of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light. Such an improvement of activity is attributed to a vast number of junctions formed at the interface between the Au nanoclusters and the g-C₃N₄ nanosheets of the hybrid photocatalysts. The efficient separation of photogenerated charges was thus facilitated by their appropriate interfacial band structures. More importantly, the ultrasmall size Au₂₅ nanoclusters exhibited the resistance to aggregation during the photocatalytic reactions. Thus, the hybrid photocatalysts are not only more active but also more stable than photoreduced Au nanoparicles/g-C₃N₄ composite photocatalysts in the hydrogen production reaction, which make these novel catalysts promising in the application of solar fuels production. The combination of noble metal clusters with g-C₃N₄ materials opens a new window for the design of novel photocatalysts

MOESM3 of Dissecting the pathobiology of altered MRI signal in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A post mortem whole brain sampling strategy for the integration of ultra-high-field MRI and quantitative neuropathology

Additional file 3. Quantitative histological data for the primary motor cortex grey matter at the hand knob

MOESM2 of Dissecting the pathobiology of altered MRI signal in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A post mortem whole brain sampling strategy for the integration of ultra-high-field MRI and quantitative neuropathology

Additional file 2. Structural MRI from thoracic to cervical region of the spinal cord from an ALS patient

MOESM1 of Dissecting the pathobiology of altered MRI signal in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A post mortem whole brain sampling strategy for the integration of ultra-high-field MRI and quantitative neuropathology

Additional file 1. Spinal cord MRI protocol parameters

Statistical results for five classes of dMRI-derived phenotypes.

In the top two panels, each column represents results for a different class of IDP, from left to right: white matter (WM) tract FA, WM tract MO, WM tract diffusivity, WM tract ICVF, WM tract OD and WM tract ISOVF. A) Distribution of log-transformed P-values from repeated measures ANOVA testing for a site effect on the mean value of individual IDPs in each class; the solid horizontal line represents the P-value equivalent to FDR = 5%. Green dots represent IDPs fitted to the ANOVA model including data from all four sites; orange dots represent P-values for each IDP fitted to the ANOVA including only data from the three Siemens sites (Cambridge, Oxford, Liverpool). There were more significant between-site differences in mean IDPs, across all 5 classes, when the GE data from KCL were included in the analysis. B) Swarm plots showing distribution of intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the same IDPs, estimated for each pair of all 4 sites (green points), for each pair of the three Siemens sites (orange points) and for comparable test-retest data drawn from the UKB cohort (blue points). Between-site reliability was generally high for all IDP classes compared to the UKB benchmark when only Siemens sites were included in the analysis. C) Each column represents finer-grained results for representative IDPs from each class of IDP: from left to right, FA right anterior thalamic radiation. MO left corona radiata, L3 left cingulate gyrus, ICVF left cingulate gyrus, OD superior cerebellar peduncle, and ISOVF superior longitudinal fasciculus. Top row, plots of each IDP for 8 subjects (coloured lines) scanned at each of 4 sites (x-axis labels); the grey violin plots indicate the distributions of the corresponding IDP in the UK Biobank reference dataset, using matched random sampling of N = 8 participants. Box and whiskers represent inter-quartile range and 95% confidence intervals respectively. Bottom row, correlations between each pair of sites for each IDP: upper triangle, Pearson’s correlations; lower triangle, Spearman’s correlations.</p

ASL data IDP summaries.

A) Grey matter mean CBF perfusion (ml/100g/min) measurements for the single post-label delay (PLD) sequence used across all sites. B) Grey matter mean CBF perfusion measurements for the multi-PLD sequence available only on the Siemens sites. Raw data is plotted to the left; the cross-site correlation matrices to the right (upper triangle, Pearson’s correlation; lower triangle, Spearman’s correlation).</p

T1 images, inverse SNR and inverse CNR metrics across four sites.

A) Representative T1 images of the same subject scanned at each of 4 sites in the travelling heads study. B) left panel, plots of inverse signal-to-noise ratio (iSNR) for 8 subjects (coloured lines) scanned at each of 4 sites (x-axis labels); right panel, plots of inverse contrast-to-noise ratio (iCNR) for the same subjects and sites. The grey violin plots in both panels indicate the equivalent distributions of T1 iSNR and iCNR, respectively, in the UK Biobank reference dataset, using matched random sampling of N = 8 participants. Box and whiskers represent inter-quartile range and 95% confidence intervals respectively. The iSNR and iCNR metrics are comparable across Siemens sites (CAM = Cambridge, OXF = Oxford, LIV = Liverpool) and aligned with the UKB benchmark distribution. Both iSNR and iCNR are higher for the GE site (KCL = Kings College London) (P < 0.05), indicating lower SNR and CNR.</p

Statistical results for SWI-derived IDPs.

In the top two panels, the left column shows data for 14 IDPs derived from T2* data and the right column shows data for 14 IDPs derived from QSM data. A) Distribution of log-transformed P-values from repeated measures ANOVA testing for a site effect on the mean value of individual IDPs in each class; the solid horizontal line represents the P-value equivalent to FDR = 5%. Green dots represent IDPs fitted to the ANOVA model including data from all four sites; orange dots represent P-values for each IDP fitted to the ANOVA including only data from the three Siemens sites (Cambridge, Oxford, Liverpool). There were more significant between-site differences in mean IDPs when the GE data from KCL were included in the analysis B) Swarm plots showing distribution of intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the same IDPs, estimated for each pair of all 4 sites (green points), and for each pair of the three Siemens sites (orange points). C) Each column represents finer-grained results for representative IDPs from each class of IDP: from left to right, T2* right pallidum, QSM right pallidum. Top row, plots of each IDP for 8 subjects (coloured lines) scanned at each of 4 sites (x-axis labels). Bottom row, correlations between each pair of sites for each IDP: upper triangle, Pearson’s correlations; lower triangle, Spearman’s correlations.</p

T2 FLAIR images and statistical results for T2-derived IDPs.

A) Representative T2 FLAIR images of the same subject scanned at each of 4 sites in the travelling heads study. B) left panel, peri-ventricular white matter hyperintensity volume for 8 subjects (coloured lines) scanned at each of 4 sites (x-axis labels); right panel, correlations between each pair of sites. C) left panel, deep white matter hyperintensity volume for 8 subjects (coloured lines) scanned at each of 4 sites (x-axis labels); right panel, correlations between each pair of sites. In both B) and C), the upper triangle of the matrix shows Pearson’s correlations and the lower triangle shows Spearman’s correlations; and both IDPs were estimated using BIANCA.</p

List of IDPs.

(DOCX)</p