Sensitivity to AMF species is greater in late‐successional than early‐successional native or nonnative grassland plants

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.Sensitivity of plant species to individual arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species is of primary importance to understanding the role of AM fungal diversity and composition in plant ecology. Currently, we do not have a predictive framework for understanding which plant species are sensitive to different AM fungal species. In two greenhouse studies, we tested for differences in plant sensitivity to different AM fungal species and mycorrhizal responsiveness across 17 grassland plant species of North America that varied in successional stage, native status, and plant family by growing plants with different AM fungal treatments including eight single AM fungal isolates, diverse mixtures of AM fungi, and non‐inoculated controls. We found that late successional grassland plant species were highly responsive to AM fungi and exhibited stronger sensitivity in their response to individual AM fungal taxa compared to nonnative or early successional native grassland plant species. We confirmed these results using a meta‐analysis that included 13 experiments, 37 plant species, and 40 fungal isolates (from nine publications and two greenhouse experiments presented herein). Mycorrhizal responsiveness and sensitivity of response (i.e., variation in plant biomass response to different AM fungal taxa) did not differ by the source of fungal inocula (i.e., local or not local) or plant family. Sensitivity of plant response to AM fungal species was consistently correlated with the average mycorrhizal response of that plant species. This study identifies that AM fungal identity is more important to the growth of late successional plant species than early successional or nonnative plant species, thereby predicting that AM fungal composition will be more important to plant community dynamics in late successional communities than in early successional or invaded plant communities

Exp2_mixed model plus_Fes1_Fes2_.sas

SAS code for analysis of greenhouse Experiment 2

Exp2_data

Datafile for greenhouse Experiment

Exp1_data

Data file for greenhouse Experiment

MetaAnalysis.sas

SAS code for analysis of all studies included in the meta-analysi

Gentiopicroside improves non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by activating PPARα and suppressing HIF1

Gentiopicroside (GPS) is a highly water-soluble small-molecule drug and the main bioactive secoiridoid glycoside of Gentiana scabra that has been shown to have hepatoprotective effects against non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the effects of GPS on NASH and the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Firstly, a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet and a high-sugar solution containing d-fructose and d-glucose were used to establish a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice model. Secondly, we confirmed GPS supplementation improve metabolic abnormalities and reduce inflammation in NASH mice induced by HFHC and high-sugar solution. Then we used metabolomics to investigate the mechanisms of GPS in NASH mice. Metabolomics analysis showed GPS may work through the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. Functional metabolites restored by GPS included serine, glycine, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis confirmed GPS improve NASH by regulating PPARα and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathways. In vitro, studies further demonstrated EPA and DHA enhance fatty acid oxidation through the PPARα pathway, while serine and glycine inhibit oxidative stress through the HIF-1α pathway in palmitic acid-stimulated HepG2 cells. Our results suggest GPS’s anti-inflammatory and anti-steatosis effects in NASH progression are related to the suppression of HIF-1α through the restoration of L-serine and glycine and the activation of PPARα through increased EPA and DHA

Data from: Sensitivity to AMF species is greater in late-successional than early-successional native or non-native grassland plants

Sensitivity of plant species to individual arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species is of primary importance to understanding the role of AM fungal diversity and composition in plant ecology. Currently, we do not have a predictive framework for understanding which plant species are sensitive to different AM fungal species. In two greenhouse studies, we tested for differences in plant sensitivity to different AM fungal species and mycorrhizal responsiveness across 17 grassland plant species of North America that varied in successional stage, native status, and plant family by growing plants with different AM fungal treatments including eight single AM fungal isolates, diverse mixtures of AM fungi, and non-inoculated controls. We found that late successional grassland plant species were highly responsive to AM fungi and exhibited stronger sensitivity in their response to individual AM fungal taxa compared to non-native or early successional native grassland plant species. We confirmed these results using a meta-analysis that included 13 experiments, 37 plant species, and 40 fungal isolates (from nine publications and two greenhouse experiments presented herein). Mycorrhizal responsiveness and sensitivity of response (i.e., variation in plant biomass response to different AM fungal taxa) did not differ by the source of fungal inocula (i.e., local or not local) or plant family. Sensitivity of plant response to AM fungal species was consistently correlated with the average mycorrhizal response of that plant species. This study identifies that AM fungal identity is more important to the growth of late successional plant species than early successional or non-native plant species, thereby predicting that AM fungal composition will be more important to plant community dynamics in late successional communities than in early successional or invaded plant communities

Recent Changes in Temperature and Precipitation of the Summer and Autumn Seasons over Fujian Province, China

Based on the observation data of daily temperature and precipitation in summer and autumn of 68 representative meteorological stations in Fujian Province from 1971 to 2018, using the climate Tendency Rate, Mann-Kendall trend test, Morlet wavelet analysis and other methods, this paper analyzes the variation trends of air temperature and annual precipitation and the wavelet periodic variation characteristics of annual precipitation time series in summer and autumn of Fujian Province over a period of approximately 48 years. The results show that over the approximately 48 years, the temperature and precipitation in summer and autumn in Fujian showed an obvious upward trend, which had a mutation around 2000, but the mutation time was different, and the precipitation was slightly earlier. The annual temperature and precipitation in summer and autumn experienced three oscillations on the 28a scale. In the 28a time scale of summer autumn seasonal oscillation, there are three negative centers and two positive centers. According to the characteristics of annual average temperature and annual precipitation in the first major cycle, the annual precipitation in summer and autumn will continue to increase in the future