The Quasinormal Modes and Isospectrality of Bardeen (Anti-) de Sitter Black Holes

Black holes (BHs) exhibiting coordinate singularities but lacking essential singularities throughout the entire spacetime are referred to as regular black holes (RBHs). The initial formulation of RBHs was presented by Bardeen, who considered the Einstein equation coupled with a nonlinear electromagnetic field. In this study, we investigate the gravitational perturbations, including the axial and polar sectors, of the Bardeen (Anti-) de Sitter black holes. We derive the master equations with source terms for both axial and polar perturbations, and subsequently compute the quasinormal modes (QNMs) through numerical methods. For the Bardeen de Sitter black hole, we employ the 6th-order WKB approach. The numerical results reveal that the isospectrality is broken in this case. Conversely, for Bardeen Anti-de Sitter black holes, the QNM frequencies are calculated by using the HH method.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 4 table

A Bayesian measurement error model for two-channel cell-based RNAi data with replicates

RNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous cellular process in which small double-stranded RNAs lead to the destruction of mRNAs with complementary nucleoside sequence. With the production of RNAi libraries, large-scale RNAi screening in human cells can be conducted to identify unknown genes involved in a biological pathway. One challenge researchers face is how to deal with the multiple testing issue and the related false positive rate (FDR) and false negative rate (FNR). This paper proposes a Bayesian hierarchical measurement error model for the analysis of data from a two-channel RNAi high-throughput experiment with replicates, in which both the activity of a particular biological pathway and cell viability are monitored and the goal is to identify short hair-pin RNAs (shRNAs) that affect the pathway activity without affecting cell activity. Simulation studies demonstrate the flexibility and robustness of the Bayesian method and the benefits of having replicates in the experiment. This method is illustrated through analyzing the data from a RNAi high-throughput screening that searches for cellular factors affecting HCV replication without affecting cell viability; comparisons of the results from this HCV study and some of those reported in the literature are included.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOAS496 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Model dostosowywania dawki i analiza czynnika współzależnego u chińskich pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2 leczonych podstawową dawką insuliny — wyniki badania ORBIT (Observational Registry of Basal Insulin Treatment)

Introduction: This study evaluates an insulin dose titration model and factors that impact insulin dose adjustment in Chinese adults with type-2 diabetes, who receive basal insulin in real-world settings. Material and methods: A total of 19,894 patients from the ORBIT study were included. These patients were divided into four groups, according to the type of insulin dose adjustment: no insulin titration (group A), self-titration (group B), physician-led insulin titration (group C), and combined physician and patient-led insulin titration (group D). Data were collected and compared at baseline and after six months of treatment. Results: A total of 12,865 patients completed the visits and were included in the analysis. Among these patients, 3187 (24.8%), 1971 (15.3%), 5165 (40.1%), and 2542 (19.8%) patients were included in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the duration of diabetes, body mass index, microvascular complications, inpatient days, HbA1C level, and self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) were positively correlated with insulin titration in group B, C, and D, compared with group A. The number of inpatient days and outpatient visits were positively correlated with dose adjustment for physician-led titration, while this was negatively correlated for self-titration. Self-titration encouraged by physicians and home blood glucose monitoring were positively correlated with self-titration and the combined physician and patient-led titration. Conclusions: High HbA1C level, SMBG, long disease duration, microvascular complications, and the encouragement of physicians while initiating insulin use prompt patients to perform dose adjustments in real-world settings.Wstęp: Badanie ma na celu ocenę modelu dostosowywania dawki insuliny i czynników, mających wpływ na dostosowanie dawki insuliny u chińskich dorosłych pacjentów z cukrzycą typu 2 leczonych podstawową dawką insuliny w warunkach rzeczywistych. Materiał i metody: W badaniu udział wzięło 19 894 pacjentów z badania ORBIT, którzy zostali podzieleni na 4 grupy, w zależności od typu dostosowywania dawki insuliny: brak dostosowywania dawki insuliny (grupa A), samodzielne dostosowywanie dawki (grupa B), dostosowywanie dawki przez lekarza (grupa C) oraz dostosowywanie dawki zarówno przez lekarza jak i przez pacjenta (grupa D). Dane zostały zebrane i porównane na początku badania i po 6 miesiącach leczenia. Wyniki: Łącznie 12 865 pacjentów ukończyło wizyty i zostało uwzględnionych w analizie. Spośród tych pacjentów, 3187 (24,8%), 1971 (15,3%), 5165 (40,1%) i 2542 (19,8%) badanych włączono odpowiednio do grup A, B, C i D. Wieloczynnikowa analiza regresji logistycznej wykazała, że czas trwania cukrzycy, wskaźnik masy ciała, powikłania mikronaczyniowe, dni hospitalizacji, stężenie HbA1C i samokontrola stężenia glukozy we krwi (self-monitoring of blood glucose; SMBG) były dodatnio skorelowane z dostosowywaniem insuliny w grupach B, C i D w porównaniu z grupą A. Liczba dni hospitalizacji i wizyt ambulatoryjnych były dodatnio skorelowane z dostosowywaniem dawek przez lekarza i ujemnie skorelowane z samodzielnym dostosowywaniem dawki. Zachęcanie przez lekarzy do samodzielnego do­stosowywania dawki i monitorowanie stężenia glukozy we krwi w warunkach domowych były dodatnio skorelowane z samodzielnym dostosowywaniem dawki oraz dostosowywaniem dawki zarówno przez lekarza, jak i przez pacjenta. Wnioski: Wysokie stężenie HbA1C, samokontrola stężenia glukozy we krwi, długi czas trwania choroby, powikłania mikronaczyniowe oraz zachęta lekarzy podczas inicjowania podawania insuliny skłaniają pacjentów do dostosowywania dawek w warunkach rzeczywistych

Error Modeling and Compensation of Circular Motion on a New Circumferential Drilling System

A new flexible circumferential drilling system is proposed to drill on the fuselage docking area. To analyze the influence of the circular motion error to the drilling accuracy, the nominal forward kinematic model is derived using Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) method and this model is further developed to model the kinematic errors caused by circular positioning error and synchronization error using homogeneous transformation matrices (HTM). A laser tracker is utilized to measure the circular motion error of the two measurement points at both sides. A circular motion compensation experiment is implemented according to the calculated positioning error and synchronization error. Experimental results show that the positioning error and synchronization error were reduced by 65.0% and 58.8%, respectively, due to the adopted compensation, and therefore the circular motion accuracy is substantially improved. Finally, position errors of the two measurement points are analyzed to have little influence on the measurement result and the validity of the proposed compensation method is proved

Trimodal Therapy: A Tumor Vascularâ Targeted Interlocking Trimodal Nanosystem That Induces and Exploits Hypoxia (Adv. Sci. 8/2018)

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145503/1/advs201870048.pd

A Tumor Vascularâ Targeted Interlocking Trimodal Nanosystem That Induces and Exploits Hypoxia

Vascularâ targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) is a recently approved strategy for treating solid tumors. However, the exacerbated hypoxic stress makes tumor eradication challenging with such a single modality approach. Here, a new graphene oxide (GO)â based nanosystem for rationally designed, interlocking trimodal cancer therapy that enables VTP using photosensitizer verteporfin (VP) (1) with codelivery of banoxantrone dihydrochloride (AQ4N) (2), a hypoxiaâ activated prodrug (HAP), and HIFâ 1α siRNA (siHIFâ 1α) (3) is reported. The VTPâ induced aggravated hypoxia is highly favorable for AQ4N activation into AQ4 (a topoisomerase II inhibitor) for chemotherapy. However, the hypoxiaâ induced HIFâ 1α acts as a â hidden brake,â through downregulating CYP450 (the dominant HAPâ activating reductases), to substantially hinder AQ4N activation. siHIFâ 1α is rationally adopted to suppress the HIFâ 1α expression upon hypoxia and further enhance AQ4N activation. This trimodal nanosystem significantly delays the growth of PCâ 3 tumors in vivo compared to the control nanoparticles carrying VP, AQ4N, or siHIFâ 1α alone or their pairwise combinations. This multimodal nanoparticle design presents, the first example exploiting VTP to actively induce hypoxia for enhanced HAP activation. It is also revealed that HAP activation is still insufficient under hypoxia due to the hidden downregulation of the HAPâ activating reductases (CYP450), and this can be well overcome by GO nanoparticleâ mediated siHIFâ 1α intervention.Vascularâ targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) is integrated with hypoxiaâ activated prodrug (AQ4N) and HIFâ 1α siRNA (siHIFâ 1α) for interlocking trimodal therapy. The VTPâ induced aggravated hypoxia is exploited for efficient AQ4N activation for chemotherapy. HIFâ 1α induced by hypoxia acts as a â hidden brake,â through downregulating CYP450 reductases, to hinder AQ4N activation. siHIFâ 1α is rationally adopted to suppress HIFâ 1α expression upon VTP to enhance AQ4N activation.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145505/1/advs661-sup-0001-S1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145505/2/advs661.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145505/3/advs661_am.pd