An approach to confirm the existence of a black hole

Solar and lunar gravitational pulls prompt slower accelerations of large mass or faster accelerations of small mass on the Earth. Gravitation-triggered acceleration and deceleration is the cause of volcanoes, earthquakes, sunspots and starspots. Starspots in neighboring stars can thus be used as the indication for the existence of a black hole

Combining weak acids and fasting could be a viable strategy against infections by Ebola-like viruses

Ebola-like viruses could depend on chloride or HCl to deliver lethal assault on human cells, causing hemorrhaging, bleeding, diarrhea, etc. It may harbor stressful peptides which can be generated in vivo after infections. Fasting with boiled rice water or with orange juice for a few days can halt virion production. However, infection-triggered cell lysis can produce nutrients for viral proliferation. The adoption of highly diluted weak organic acids such as acetic acid or lactic acid for smearing skin or foot bathing can neutralize chloride or HCl after absorption, and raise cellular pH to minimize cell lysis. Integration of fasting/fruit juice intake and highly diluted weak acids might reduce mortality rates of Ebola-like virus infections. The intake of NaCl should be minimized as it can give rise to chloride or HCl in cell microenvironment. Many food ingredients such as vinegar and sauce contain salt. Clinical trials must be conducted before the regimen is available for use

Simultaneous fasting may contain SARS-CoV-2 infection

Fasting can halt viral reproduction and relieve symptoms. Simultaneous fasting with moderate intake of boiled rice water or fruit juice for 2 to 3 days may achieve positive effect. If a person has 30 contacts daily, and 6 of which are viral carriers, simultaneous fasting can reduce viral loads in all the 6 carriers and thus lower infection rate by perhaps more than 90%. Individuals not suitable for fasting should be excluded from pilot test and large experiments. Multiple episodes of fasting with proper intervals can be conducted to beat pandemic or control viral infection at its infancy

Extremely lethal viruses share sequence features

Rabies virus, Ebola virus and African Swine Fever virus cause diseases with 100% or near 100% maximum mortality. The virulence mechanisms are not fully known. Their virulence proteins, VP24 of Ebola virus, glycoprotein G of Rabies virus, A238L of African Swine Fever virus harbor high contents of particular amino acids, with some characteristics resembling cationic antimicrobial peptides or that of causative factors of heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia and Prion disease. These viral sequence features can be explored to account for the virulence mechanisms and to design prophylactic strategies for combating these lethal pathogens

Mutagenesis by RNA-containing telomerase holoenzyme complex or R-loops: a missing piece of the puzzle

Overexpression of telomerase has been demonstrated to substantially extend the lifespan of mice. However, this treatment has a negative side, namely the increase of cancer risk. Most components of the telomerase holoenzyme complex possess high basic amino acid content, potentially attracting anions and enhancing the formation of mutagenic and carcinogenic HCl. Weak organic acids antagonize strong acids, and thus can raise cellular pH and modify the microenvironment. R-loops are hybrid DNA and RNA structures, and trigger DNA replication stress and genome instability. RNA has one additional hydroxyl oxygen atom on ribose compared with DNA, and single stranded DNA harbors bases free of hydrogen bonding. These two factors can enhance the buildup of protons via hydrogen bonding and the local formation of HCl. Strong acids generated can augment DNA mutagenesis, and enhance DNA excision, repair and formation of double stranded breaks. Neoplasm must be addressed before lifespan extension remedies via telomerase are ready for use

Methyl group, hyperconjugation and human diseases

Methylations are widespread in the biological kingdom. However, their chemical and biochemical roles have not been fully dissected. A hypothesis was put forward previously in which methylation is proposed to lead to hyperconjugation, whose electron donating feature weakens the chemical bonds and increases the bond lengths of C-N, therefore resulting in stronger secondary bonding between nitrogen atoms and cations or protonation of nitrogen atoms. Consequently ion homeostasis of the cells is compromised giving rise to certain diseases. Protonation of nitrogen atoms in 5-methyl cytosine enhances interaction with negatively charged phosphate groups and contributes to the formation of heterochromatin

Differential inertia of lower and upper parts of a skyscraper drives swaying of a building

The lower part of a skyscraper possesses enormous weight giving the gravity of the total building, whereas the upper part is smaller in mass. Upon a gust of wind or other factors, the lower part accelerates and decelerates more slowly than the upper part, and then the upper part moves backwards first and then forwards. It resembles a traveling bus, the standing passengers move backwards and forwards upon vehicle starting from standing-still or a sudden stop