Minute-MOFs: Ultrafast Synthesis of M₂(dobpdc) Metal–Organic Frameworks from Divalent Metal Oxide Colloidal Nanocrystals

The material demands for metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for next-generation energy-efficient CO₂ capture technologies necessitate advances in their expedient and scalable synthesis. Toward that end, the recently discovered expanded MOF-74, or M₂(dobpdc), where M = divalent metal cation and dobpdc = 4,4′-dioxido-3,3′-biphenyldicarboxylate, can now be prepared in minutes via a controlled dissolution–crystallization route from divalent metal oxides as precursors. We show that the available surface area of the metal oxide plays a critical role in the precursor dissolution, which was found to be rate-limiting. Based on this understanding of the reaction trajectory, we pushed the chemical transformation to its fringe kinetic limit by configuring the metal oxide precursors as ligand-free colloidal metal oxide nanocrystals, which allowed MOF formation in less than 1 min. MOFs prepared by this strategy were highly crystalline, with BET surface areas on par with conventional multihour syntheses from metal halide salts. This method was also applied successfully in the synthesis of M₂(dobdc) MOFs, highlighting its generality. Our work challenges the conventional wisdom that plurality of steps in MOF formation is inherently time-intensive

Additional file 1 of Characteristics and outcome of patients with left atrial appendage closure in China: a single-center experience

Supplementary Material 1: WATCHMAN Access Sheath Advancement into LSP

Block Copolymer Lithography of Rhodium Nanoparticles for High Temperature Electrocatalysis

We present a method for forming ordered rhodium nanostructures on a solid support. The approach makes use of a block copolymer to create and assemble rhodium chloride nanoparticles from solution onto a surface; subsequent plasma and thermal processing are employed to remove the polymer and fully convert the nanostructures to metallic rhodium. Films cast from a solution of the triblock copolymer poly(styrene-<i>b</i>-2-vinyl pyridine-<i>b</i>-ethylene oxide) dissolved in toluene with rhodium(III) chloride hydrate were capable of producing a monolayer of rhodium nanoparticles of uniform size and interparticle spacing. The nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The electrocatalytic performance of the nanoparticles was investigated with AC impedance spectroscopy. We observed that the addition of the particles to a model solid oxide fuel cell anode provided up to a 14-fold improvement in the anode activity as evidenced by a decrease in the AC impedance resistance. Examination of the anode after electrochemical measurement revealed that the basic morphology and distribution of the particles were preserved

XPS wide-scan spectra of (a) pristine Ti, (b) PTL treated Ti (Ti-PTL), (c) Ti-PTL-HA, (d) Ti-PTL-HA-CS/Ag, (e) Ti-PTL-HA-CS/Ag–HA, (f) Ti-PTL-HA-CS after immersion for 7days.

<p>XPS wide-scan spectra of (a) pristine Ti, (b) PTL treated Ti (Ti-PTL), (c) Ti-PTL-HA, (d) Ti-PTL-HA-CS/Ag, (e) Ti-PTL-HA-CS/Ag–HA, (f) Ti-PTL-HA-CS after immersion for 7days.</p

Antibacterial rates against adherent bacteria on the specimens (Ra).

<p>The antibacterial assays data are expressed as means±standard deviations (n = 3). One-way ANOVA followed by SNK post hoc test is utilized to determine the level of significance. *p<0.05 and **p<0.01.</p

Antibacterial rates against planktonic bacteria in medium (Rp).

<p>The antibacterial assays data are expressed as means±standard deviations (n = 3). One-way ANOVA followed by SNK post hoc test is utilized to determine the level of significance. *p<0.05 and **p<0.01.</p

LDH activity in medium after culturing for 1 and 4 days on the specimens.

<p>The data are expressed as means±standard deviations (n = 3). One-way ANOVA followed by SNK post hoc test is utilized to determine the level of significance. *p<0.05 and **p<0.01.</p

CLSM fluorescence microscopy images of (a) pristine Ti, (b) Ti-PTL, (c) LbL-CS/Ag10, (d) LbL-CS/Ag20, (e) LbL-CS/Ag50, (f) LbL-CS/Ag100 showing viability of the bacteria on samples after 7 days.

<p>CLSM fluorescence microscopy images of (a) pristine Ti, (b) Ti-PTL, (c) LbL-CS/Ag10, (d) LbL-CS/Ag20, (e) LbL-CS/Ag50, (f) LbL-CS/Ag100 showing viability of the bacteria on samples after 7 days.</p

SEM images of surface morphology of Ti discs: (a) pristine Ti, (b) Ti-PTL, (c) Ti-PTL-HA, (d) Ti-PTL-HA-CS/Ag10. (e) TEM image of CS/Ag (10mM). (f) EDX image of the sample of Ti-PTL-HA-CS/Ag.

<p>SEM images of surface morphology of Ti discs: (a) pristine Ti, (b) Ti-PTL, (c) Ti-PTL-HA, (d) Ti-PTL-HA-CS/Ag10. (e) TEM image of CS/Ag (10mM). (f) EDX image of the sample of Ti-PTL-HA-CS/Ag.</p

Cell viability of MC3T3 on the specimens after culturing for 3 days determined by CCK-8 assay.

<p>The data are expressed as means±standard deviations (n = 3). One-way ANOVA followed by SNK post hoc test is utilized to determine the level of significance. *p<0.05 and **p<0.01.</p