Turnover intention of nurses in public hospitals and its association with quality of working life: a cross-sectional survey in six provinces in China

ObjectivesHigh turnover intention can exacerbate the workforce shortage of nurses. This study aimed to determine the level of turnover intention of public hospital nurses in China and its associated factors.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 2,863 nurses was conducted in 48 public hospitals across six provinces in mainland China, measuring the sociodemographic (gender, age, marital status, and monthly basic salary) and work characteristics (professional title, workload, night sleep deprivation, and workplace violence) of respondents, their quality of working life (QWL), and turnover intention. Multivariate logistic regression models were established to determine the association between QWL and turnover intention after adjustment for variations of the sociodemographic and work characteristics.ResultsOverall, 42.8% of respondents reported turnover intention. Higher QWL scores (AOR = 0.824 for job and career satisfaction, p < 0.001; AOR = 0.894 for professional pride, p < 0.001; AOR = 0.911 for balance between work and family, p < 0.05) were associated with lower turnover intention. Workplace violence was the strongest predictor of higher turnover intention (AOR = 3.003–4.767) amongst the sociodemographic and work characteristics, followed by an age between 30 and 40 years (AOR = 1.457 relative to <30 years), and night sleep deprivation (AOR = 1.391–1.808). Senior professional title had a protective effect (AOR = 0.417 relative to no title) on turnover intention.ConclusionHigh levels of turnover intention are evident across China in nurses employed by public hospitals, in particular in those aged between 30 and 40 years. Low QWL and poor work environment are significant predictors of turnover intention

Factors influencing the work passion of Chinese community health service workers: an investigation in five provinces

BACKGROUND: After the implementation of new healthcare reform, Chinese government paid increasing attention to developing community health service (CHS). The current focus is mainly on cultivating community general practitioners but paying less attention to the working status and occupational demands of in-service CHS workers. Work passion is playing an important role for medical workers. With work passion, CHS workers’ team will become more stable and more effective, ensuring the sustainable development of CHS system. At present, the work passion of CHS workers is relatively low. Studying on influencing factors of work passion of CHS workers, promoting their work passion, and making them keep enthusiasm for work are significant. METHODS: A total of 100 CHS organizations were sampled randomly in 10 cities from 5 Chinese provinces for this study. A total of 3450 CHS workers from these CHS institutions took part in the surveys. Questionnaires were used to collect data, including socio-demographic information, work passion and opinion on influencing causes, and work-related satisfaction. Pearson chi-square statistical method was used to identify the factors related to CHS workers’ work passion. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine the significant factors that influence CHS workers’ work passion. RESULTS: A total of 38.77% of those who accomplished the questionnaire expressed that they didn’t have passion for current work. The related factors that influence CHS workers’ work passion are (1) socio-demographic factors such as age, and years of employment, and (2) other work-related factors such as learning and training opportunities, compensation packages, work stress, and personal development opportunities. CHS workers were most dissatisfied with the balance between remuneration and workload, job promotion opportunities. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, the government should concern for CHS workers’ working status and work-related demands, pay more attention and meet their demands for reasonable compensation packages and self-development, balance the income and workload, provide more learning and training opportunities and personal development opportunities for CHS workers, in order to promote CHS workers’ work satisfaction, improve their work passion and enthusiasm

Epidius Thorell 1877

<i>Epidius</i> Thorell, 1877 <p> <i>Epidius</i> Thorell, 1877: 492; Simon, 1897: 10; Millot, 1941: 65. <i>Cupa</i> Strand, in Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 (Song & Zhu, 1997:</p> <p>23, misidentified)</p> <p> Type species. – <i>Epidius longipalpis</i> Thorell, 1877, by original designation.</p> <p> <b> <i>Diagnosis</i>. –</b> Small to medium size, Head area narrow, eye tubercles of each side continuous. Chelicera with 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth, the larger retromarginal one bifid. Legs slender with many spines. Epigyne usually with an atrium and a pair of posterior sclerotized plates. Male tibia with VTA and 4–6 macrosetae in a row.</p> <p> <b> <i>Distribution.</i> –</b> Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Java, Sumatra, the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, China.</p> <p> <b> <i>Remarks</i>. –</b> This genus is composed of 9 species from Africa and Southeast Asia. <i>Epidius</i> is a group of poorly known special crab spiders and differs from other genera greatly by their general appearance and genital organs. This genus is similar to <i>Sanmenia</i> in the shape of embolus and conductor of male palp, but can be separated from the latter by: body usually light yellow to gray without markings (gray to grayish-brown with some black-brown stripes or markings in <i>Sanmenia</i>), epigyne usually with a pair of sclerotized plates posteriorly (without those in <i>Sanmenia</i>) and male palp with only VTA (with both VTA and RTA in <i>Sanmenia</i>). After checking the type specimens of <i>Cupa gongi</i> Song & Kim, 1992, (the only representative of the genus <i>Cupa</i> recorded from China), it is found that <i>Cupa gongi</i> Song & Kim, 1992, was misidentified as a representative of the genus <i>Cupa</i>. The male palp of <i>Cupa gongi</i> has a spatulate VTA and a row of macrosetae, which are the typical diagnostic characters of the genus <i>Epidius</i>. <i>Cupa gongi</i> Song & Kim, 1992, should be transferred to the genus <i>Epidius</i> as <i>E. gongi</i> (Song & Kim, 1992). Therefore, there is no real representative of <i>Cupa</i> found in China now.</p>Published as part of <i>Tang, Guo, Yin, Changmin, Peng, Xianjin & Griswold, Charles, 2009, Six Crab Spiders Of The Subfamily Stephanopinae From Southeast Asia (Araneae: Thomisidae), pp. 39-50 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 57 (1)</i> on page 42, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4508210">10.5281/zenodo.4508210</a&gt

Sanmenia Song & Kim 1992

<i>Sanmenia</i> Song & Kim, 1992 <p> <i>Sanmenia</i> Song & Kim, 1992: 142; Song & Zhu, 1997: 28; Yang <i>et al</i>., 2006: 42</p> <p> Type species. – <i>Cupa zhengi</i> Ono & Song, 1986.</p> <p> <b> <i>Diagnosis</i>. –</b> Small sized thomisids, body covered with short white hairs. Chelicerae usually with 3–4 promarginal teeth and 3 retromarginal teeth. Legs long with many thick spines. Male palp with VTA and RTA, tegulum simple without apophysis. Embolus slender filiform, conductor wide and extend from the tegulum, and shades embolus. Epigyne usually with a large medial atrium.</p> <p> <b> <i>Remarks</i>. –</b> The type species of this genus was firstly placed in the genus <i>Cupa</i> (Ono & Song, 1986). Song & Kim (1992) erected the genus <i>Sanmenia</i> to accommodate <i>Cupa zhengi</i>. This genus only includes 3 species recorded from Asia before this study. This genus is similar to <i>Epidius</i> in the structures of the parts of male palpal organ. The differences are discussed in the <b>Remarks</b> of <i>Epidius</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Tang, Guo, Yin, Changmin, Peng, Xianjin & Griswold, Charles, 2009, Six Crab Spiders Of The Subfamily Stephanopinae From Southeast Asia (Araneae: Thomisidae), pp. 39-50 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 57 (1)</i> on page 44, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4508210">10.5281/zenodo.4508210</a&gt

Epidius ganxiensis Yin, Peng & Kim 1999, new combination

Epidius ganxiensis (Yin, Peng & Kim, 1999), new combination (Figs. 3 A–J, 7) Philodromus ganxiensis Yin, Peng & Kim, 1999: 356, Fig. 2 A–G (types in HNU, examined) Material examined. – 2 males, 3 females (HNU), Ganxi Township, Tongdao County (26°03'N 109°17'E), Hunan Province, China, coll. C. Yin, X. Peng and Y. Zhang, 1 Jun.1996. Description. – Male palp with a spatulate VTA and 6 macrosetae in a row at tibial apex, conductor transparent, twisted and concave at apex; embolus slender, apically hidden under the conductor. Epigyne with a pair of spatulate sclerotized plates posteriorly; copulatory openings slit like, copulatory ducts complexly twisted; spermathecae curved in n-shape. Diagnosis. – This species can be separated from E. gongi (Song & Kim, 1992) by: the atrium slit-shaped laterally (pit like medially); the ratio of length of palpal tibia to palp = 1.2 (5.0 in E. gongi). Distribution. – China (Hunan). Remarks. – The species was firstly placed under the spider family Philodromidae. However, the male palp has a spatulate VTA and a row of macrosetae, which are the typical diagnostic characters of the genus Epidius of family Thomisidae. Philodromus ganxiensis Yin, Peng & Kim, 1999, should be transferred to the genus Epidius as E. ganxiensis (Yin, Peng & Kim, 1999), new combination.Published as part of Tang, Guo, Yin, Changmin, Peng, Xianjin & Griswold, Charles, 2009, Six Crab Spiders Of The Subfamily Stephanopinae From Southeast Asia (Araneae: Thomisidae), pp. 39-50 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 57 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.450821

Attitudes and Response Capacities for Public Health Emergencies of Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare Institutions: A Cross-Sectional Investigation Conducted in Wuhan, China, in 2020

Objectives: Response capacities for public health emergencies (PHEs) amongst healthcare workers play important roles in the prevention and control of PHEs. This study assessed the attitudes and response capacities of PHE workers in primary healthcare (PHC) institutions. Methods: An online anonymous questionnaire survey of 803 healthcare workers sampled from 13 PHC institutions in Wuhan, China, was conducted from April to June 2020. The Kruskal–Wallis test and linear regression model were used to analyze the response capacities of PHE workers and associated factors. Results: The healthcare workers with longer working years, particularly 30 years and above, had higher knowledge (OR = 7.323, p < 0.001) and practical ability scores (OR = 8.012, p < 0.001) when compared to those with less than 5 working years. The nurses had higher practical ability scores (OR = 2.188, p = 0.049), and pharmacists had lower practical ability scores (OR = 0.166, p = 0.007), when compared to doctors. Moreover, the healthcare workers who had never participated in educational activities related to PHE management in the past two years (OR = 0.540, p = 0.038; OR = 0.282, p = 0.001), had not participated in a PHE drill activity (OR = 0.327, p < 0.001; OR = 0.340, p = 0.004), and had never been involved in emergency management of PHEs (OR = 0.254, p < 0.001; OR = 0.174, p < 0.001) had lower knowledge and practical ability scores. Conclusion: The healthcare workers with longer working years had better response capacities, and nurses had better practical abilities when compared to doctors. More emergency management education and chances to be involved in PHE drill activities were encouraged amongst healthcare workers in PHC institutions for better prevention and control of PHEs. Moreover, inter-institution cooperation, a flexible response system, and dynamic adjustment of healthcare workers were suggested during PHEs

Epidius bazarus Tikader 1970, new combination

Epidius bazarus (Tikader, 1970), new combination (Figs. 2 A–F, 7) Platythomisus bazarus Tikader, 1970: 48, Fig. 27a-c; Tikader, 1971: 65, Fig. 17M–P; 1980: 171, Figs. 237–239. (type specimens collected from West Sikkim, India and deposited in IZA, India, inaccessible; not examined) Material examined. 1 female (HNU-Tang 2003102801), Daxinzai Village (24°32'N 98°24'E), 1,219 m, Wuhe Township, Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, China, coll. G. Tang, 28 Oct.2003. 1 female (CaAS-19611021), Lataguri, 110 m, West Bengal, India, coll. E. Ross, 21 May 1961. Diagnosis. – The species can be easily separated from E. gongi (Song & Kim, 1992) by: female with larger body size: 7.36–7.62 (6.00– 6.60 in E. gongi); copulatory ducts curved and tube-shaped (short and straight in E. gongi); spermathecae small and spherical (spermathecae with 2 chambers in E. gongi). Description. – Female. Total length: 7.36–7.62. The specimen of total length 7.62 measured: carapace 3.47 long, 3.14 wide; abdomen 4.58 long, 2.76 wide. Cephalothorax: Carapace slightly raised on the median, light yellow, without markings. Cervical grooves, radial grooves and fovea indistinct. Eye area gray, compact, eye tubercles grayish-black, small, eye sizes and interdistances: ALE 0.17, PLE 0.16, AME 0.06, PME 0.14; AME-AME 0.17, AME-ALE 0.12, PME-PME 0.28, PME-PLE 0.20, MOA length 0.43 with front width 0.30 and back width 0.52. Sternum pale yellow. Chelicerae, gnathocoxae, labium yellow. Leg femora yellow, metatarsi and tarsi yellowish-brown. Leg measurements: I 19.20 (6.00, 7.20, 4.00, 2.00), II 18.60 (5.80, 7.20, 3.80, 1.80), III 9.50 (2.90, 3.80, 1.80, 1.00), IV 10.00 (3.00, 4.00, 2.00, 1.00); formula 1, 2, 4, 3. Legs light yellow. Spination: femur: I dorsal, weak spine: 0-0-1-0-0, II–IV 0-1-0-0-1, prolateral (weak) 0-1-2-1-1 (right), 1-1-2-1-1 (left); tibiae: prolateral I–IV 0-0-1-1, ventral I-II 2-2-2-2-2, III–IV 2-2-2, metatarsus I–II prolateral 1-0-0-1ap, ventral 2-2-2-2; III–IV prolateral 1-1-1ap, III ventral 0-2-2. Abdomen elongate oval, dorsum with broken silvery white spots; cardiac pattern gray, 2 pairs of muscular depressions visible; laterally silvery white; venter light yellow. Epigyne simple, atrium depressed; with a pair of sclerotized plates posteriorly; copulatory ducts curved in n-shaped; spermathecae spherical. Distribution. – China (Tengchong County of Yunnan), India. Remarks. – The type specimen of Platythomisus bazarus was kept in ZSI and is unavailable for study by foreign arachnologists (Lehtinen, 2004: 178). However, the locality of one of our specimens (Lataguri, West Bengal, India) is adjacent to that of Platythomisus bazarus (Nayabazar, West Sikkim, India). After comparing the descriptions and figures of Platythomisus bazarus Tikader, 1970, and those of our specimens (from India, China), it was found that they should be the same species. Both of our specimens bear the following diagnostic characters of the genus Epidius: tibiae and metatarsi of legs I & II slender with thick ventral spines, epigyne with an atrium and a pairs of posterior sclerotized plates, eye arrangement also as same as that of Epidius. Because of those, Platythomisus bazarus should be transferred to the genus Epidius as Epidius bazarus (Tikader, 1970), new combination.Published as part of Tang, Guo, Yin, Changmin, Peng, Xianjin & Griswold, Charles, 2009, Six Crab Spiders Of The Subfamily Stephanopinae From Southeast Asia (Araneae: Thomisidae), pp. 39-50 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 57 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.450821

Work-Related Accumulated Fatigue among Doctors in Tertiary Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Six Provinces of China

Objectives: “Karoshi” (death due to overwork) of doctors occurred frequently and attracted increasing attention in recent years in China. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of work-related accumulated fatigue of doctors and its associated factors in tertiary hospitals of China. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted on 1729 full-time doctors employed by 24 tertiary hospitals across eastern developed, central developing, and western underdeveloped regions of China. Accumulated fatigue was categorized into four levels using the “Self-diagnosis Checklist for Assessment of Workers’ Accumulated Fatigue” rated on a scale matrix considering both overwork and fatigue symptoms. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with work-related accumulated fatigue. Results: About 78.8% of respondents reported a “high level” of work-related accumulated fatigue, including 42.0% at a “very high” level. Male doctors and those aged between 30 and 45 years and who had a professional title were found to have higher levels of accumulative fatigue than others. Low salary and poor working conditions (in the western region) were also significantly associated with high levels of work-related accumulated fatigue (p < 0.05). Conclusion: High levels of work-related accumulated fatigue are prevalent in doctors working in tertiary hospitals in China. Male doctors establishing their early- and mid-careers are the high-risk group. Poor working conditions are associated with work-related accumulated fatigue

Study on the development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals in Northwest China under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative

To understand the development status of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) hospitals in Northwest China under the background of the Belt and Road initiative(B&R), this study analyses the health resource index of TCM hospitals in Northwest China, and finds that the development of TCM hospitals in Qinghai and Ningxia is relatively slow, the recognition of ethnomedical services is relatively low among the residents. Regional linkage could be used to co-ordinately facilitate the development of TCM hospitals in Northwest China. B&R could be taken advantage of to promote the high-quality development of local ethnic medicine. Cultivating composite TCM talents, promoting poverty alleviation with TCM services, advocating TCM culture could all be utilized to build the People-to-people bonds along the new Silk Road