Proper period and temperature for transportation of cucumber and tomato transplants

With an increased demand for high-quality transplants, vegetable growers have begun to purchase grafted transplants from specialized propagators. These are often shipped over long distances, but improper transport conditions can deteriorate transplant quality. To determine the appropriate period and temperature for transporting grafted transplants, we stored cucumber and tomato transplants in darkness at 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 o C for 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days, and subsequently cultivated these in a greenhouse for 15 days. We investigated the changes in plant height and SPAD value during storage, as well as the early growth of the stored transplants during subsequent cultivation. Increasing temperature during storage promoted stem elongation in both transplant species, with cucumber transplants showing greater stem elongation than tomato transplants. SPAD values of cucumber and tomato transplants tended to decrease with increasing storage temperature, declining even further with extended storage period. The cucumber transplants stored for 3 days and the tomato transplants stored for 6 days, showed no decrease in percent survival and no delay of growth after transplanting compared with non-stored transplants. From these results, we suggest that the appropriate temperature for transporting cucumber and tomato transplants in darkness is 6A degrees C, and the appropriate period of storage in darkness are 3 and 6 days for cucumber and tomato transplants, respectively. Controlling transportation conditions can avoid the deterioration of transplant quality during transport and the delay of early growth after transplanting.OAIID:RECH_ACHV_DSTSH_NO:T201615743RECH_ACHV_FG:RR00200001ADJUST_YN:EMP_ID:A075898CITE_RATE:.662FILENAME:2016-12_HEB_오이토마토묘저장(곽유리나).pdfDEPT_NM:식물생산과학부EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YFILEURL:https://srnd.snu.ac.kr/eXrepEIR/fws/file/02187ae3-7bcb-4830-af7a-3bfad7f36954/linkCONFIRM:

Effects of Light Quality and Intensity on the Carbon Dioxide Exchange Rate, Growth, and Morphogenesis of Grafted Pepper Transplants during Healing and Acclimatization

This study evaluated the influence of light quality and intensity during healing and acclimatization on the CO2 exchange rate, growth, and morphogenesis of grafted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) transplants, using a system for the continuous measurement of the CO2 exchange rate. C. annuum L. 'Nokkwang' and 'Tantan' were used as scions and rootstocks, respectively. Before grafting, the transplants were grown for four weeks in a growth chamber with artificial light, where the temperature was set at 25/18 degrees C #light/dark period# and the light period was 14 hours.d#-1#. The grafted pepper transplants were then healed and acclimatized under different light quality conditions using fluorescent lamps #control# and red, blue, and red + blue light-emitting diodes #LEDs#. All the transplants were irradiated for 12 hours per day, for six days, at a photosynthetic photon flux #PPF# of 50, 100, or 180 mu mol.m#-2#.s#-1#. The higher PPF levels increased the CO2 exchange rate during the healing and acclimatization. A smaller increase in the CO2 exchange rates was observed in the transplants under red LEDs. At a PPF of 180 mu mol.m#-2#.s#-1#, the CO2 exchange rate of the transplants irradiated with red LEDs was lowest and it was 37% lower than those irradiated with fluorescent lamps. The CO2 exchange rates of transplants irradiated with blue LEDs was the highest and 20% higher than those irradiated under fluorescent lamps. The graft take was not affected by the light quality. The grafted pepper transplants irradiated with red LEDs had a lower SPAD value, leaf dry weight, and dry matter content. The transplants irradiated with blue LEDs had longer shoot length and heavier stem fresh weight than those irradiated with the other treatments. Leaves irradiated with the red LED had the smallest leaf area and showed leaf epinasty. In addition, the palisade and spongy cells of the pepper leaves were dysplastic and exhibited hyperplasia. Grafted pepper transplants treated with red + blue LEDs showed similar growth and morphology to those transplants irradiated with fluorescent lamps. These results suggest that high-quality grafted pepper transplants can be obtained by healing and acclimatization under a combination of blue and red lights at a high PPF level.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/0000027607/2SEQ:2PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000027607ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A075898DEPT_CD:517CITE_RATE:.237FILENAME:2013-2-kjhst-고추접목묘-활착중광질광도_광합성-장윤아.pdfDEPT_NM:식물생산과학부EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

Effect of Total Leaf Numbers on the Growth and Fruit Quality in Muskmelon Plants Showing Leaf Yellowing Symptoms

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of total leaf numbers on the growth, net formation of fruits, and occurrence of leaf yellowing symptoms (LYS) in muskmelon plants. The growth and development of LYS on muskmelon plants having 25, 30, and 35 fully expanded leaves on the vine were compared to those of the control plant having 20 leaves. Plant height, leaf area, root fresh weight, and root dry weight increased as the number of leaves increased. Plants with 35 leaves showed the greatest plant growth. Net photosynthetic rate was positively related to increasing leaf numbers with plants having over 25 leaves showing the greatest photosynthetic rates. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in chlorophyll content and root activity among treatments with different leaf numbers. The ratio of LYS infection was also greater in plants having 25-30 leaves, than in those having leaf numbers. Plants with different leaf numbers and LYS infection showed a variation in fruit quality, although LYS did not significantly affect fruit quality except net index. The plants having 20 leaves that showed LYS developed fruits that had significantly smaller flesh (mesocarp) thickness than, the plants having greater numbers of leaves. The higher sugar contents of fruits were found in the plants having 35 leaves whether they showed LYS (12.1°Bx) or not (12.5°Bx). Therefore, leaving more than 25 healthy leaves per plant was recommended for minimizing damage from LYS.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2015-01/104/0000027607/11ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A075898DEPT_CD:517CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:(이희주)effect_of_total_leaf_numbers_on_the_growth_and_fruit_quality_in_muskmelon_plants_showing_leaf_yell··.pdfDEPT_NM:식물생산과학부CONFIRM:

Effect of grafting on growth and incidence of phytophthora blight and bacterial wilt of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of grafting using commercial rootstocks and breeding lines on growth and resistance to both Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici) and bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), and to evaluate the breeding lines as candidates rootstocks for grafted peppers. Capsicum annuum 'Nokkwang' (scion) was grafted onto five commercial rootstocks ('Kataguruma', 'Konesianhot', 'Koregon PR-380', 'PR-power', and 'Tantan') and nine breeding lines ('PR 901', 'PR 919', 'PR 920', 'PR 921', 'PR 922', 'PR 927', 'PR 928', 'PR 929', and 'PR 930'). Graft-take percentage was over 80% in all the grafted seedlings except those grafted onto 'PR 901' (75%). The number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, and dry weight of shoot of grafted seedlings were greater than those of non-grafted seedlings. Mineral contents in the shoots of grafted seedlings were significantly different, depending on rootstock genotypes. Marketable yield ranged from 1.35 to 1.96 kg per plant depending on rootstock genotypes, and was highest in peppers grafted onto 'PR 901' (1.95 kg) and non-grafted peppers (1.96 kg), and lowest in those grafted onto 'PR 928' (1.35 kg). Gross yield was highest in peppers grafted onto 'Konesianhot' (2.64 kg). Among nine breeding lines, three rootstocks ('PR 920', 'PR 921', and 'PR 922') were selected as candidate rootstocks for the grafted pepper based on graft-take, growth, yield, fruit quality, and resistance to diseases. Three major pepper cultivars ('Nokkwang', 'Saengsaeng Matkkwari', and 'Shinhong') were grafted onto those three breeding lines and 'Tantan' (control). Peppers grafted onto breeding lines of 'PR 920', 'PR 921', and 'PR 922' showed greater resistance to both Phytophthora blight and bacterial wilt without the decrease in yield and fruit quality. Accordingly, they were considered to be used as rootstocks resistant to both Phytophthora blight and bacterial wilt for pepper production.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000027607/1SEQ:1PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000027607ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A075898DEPT_CD:517CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:2012-2-heb-접목-내병성-장윤아.pdfDEPT_NM:식물생산과학부EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

Changes in physicochemical characteristics during fruit development in June-bearing strawberry cultivars

Changes in physicochemical characteristics were investigated during fruit development in 'Maehyang', 'Seolhyang', 'Keumhyang', 'Akihime', and 'Red Pearl' strawberries. Fresh weights and color parameters of strawberry fruits changed significantly during the fruit development in all cultivars. Fruit shapes of 'Maehyang' and 'Akihime' were conical, with an index of length to width being 1.5 and that of 'Seolhyang', 'Keumhyang', and 'Red Pearl' were cordate, the index being 1.3. Firmness decreased as the fruit developed in all cultivars. Contents of sugars, organic acids, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin increased as the fruits developed while the ellagic acid content decreased. Sugars, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin contents of 'Maehyang', 'Seolhyang', and 'Keumhyang' were higher than those of 'Akihime' and 'Red Pearl'. Results indicate that newly-bred Korean strawberry cultivars containing high levels of bioactive compounds were superior to major Japanese cultivars that have been broadly cultivated in East Asian countries.This work was carried out with the support of Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. 907002082012)Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2013-01/102/0000027607/1SEQ:1PERF_CD:SNU2013-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000027607ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A075898DEPT_CD:517CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:2013-2-heb-발달단계별딸기특성-김성겸.pdfDEPT_NM:식물생산과학부EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

Changes in Fruit Physicochemical Characteristics by Fruit Clusters in June-bearing Strawberry Cultivars

Three Korean-bred strawberry cultivars 'Maehyang', 'Seolhyang', and 'Keumhyang', and a Japanese cultivar 'Tochiotome' were grown in a greenhouse and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated. Fruit weight of 'Seolhyang' and 'Keumhyang' in the first and second fruit clusters were greater than those of other cultivars and that of 'Tochiotome' was the greatest in the fifth fruit cluster. Fruit firmness generally decreased at later fruit clusters, and was the lowest in 'Seolhyang'. The sugars/organic acids ratios in the first and third fruit clusters of 'Maehyang' were 4.9 and 8.0, respectively, representing the highest values among all cultivars. The ascorbic acid content was the greatest in the second fruit cluster for 'Seolhyang', 'Keumhyang', and 'Tochiotome' cultivars and that of 'Maehyang' was the greatest at the third fruit cluster. The anthocyanin content was higher in later fruit clusters and was the highest in 'Keumhyang' overall. Results indicate that Korean cultivars bred for the plastic protected culture, which are intended for very early harvest, showed more desirable physical characteristics in the first and second fruit clusters, while the content of anthocyanin was greater in the fruits from later fruit clusters.This work was carried out with the support of Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No.907002082012) Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000027607/5SEQ:5PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000027607ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A075898DEPT_CD:517CITE_RATE:.237FILENAME:2012-8-kjhst-딸기과방별물리확학적특징-김성겸.pdfDEPT_NM:식물생산과학부EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

Antimicrobial Activity of Thinned Strawberry Fruits at Different Maturation Stages

Among the phenolic compounds that is generally present in strawberry fruits, five simple phenolics, three flavonoids, and a stilbene were tested for their antimicrobial activity against seven fungi and one oomycete. trans-Cinnamic acid showed strong antimicrobial activity, and the antimicrobial effect of the simple phenolics decreased with an increase in the number of hydroxyl groups. Phytophthora capsici was the most susceptible to the phenolic compounds tested in this study. trans-Cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and kaempferol were mainly detected in 'Seolhyang' strawberry fruits, and the total phenolic contents of the fruits decreased during their development. Extracts of the green #1-10% red color# and red #above 90% red color# strawberry fruits reduced the mycelial growth and zoospore germination rate of P. capsici, and the extract of red strawberry fruit showed strong antimicrobial activity against the zoospore germination of P. capsici. These results indicate that strawberry fruits contain antimicrobial phenolic compounds and that strawberry fruit extract can be used as a natural fungistat.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000027607/6SEQ:6PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000027607ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A075898DEPT_CD:517CITE_RATE:.237FILENAME:2012-12-kjhst-딸기미식용과-항균활성-김동섭.pdfDEPT_NM:식물생산과학부EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

Early Growth, Pigmentation, Protein Content, and Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase Activity of Red Curled Lettuces Grown under Different Lighting Conditions

Early growth, pigmentation, protein content, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity of red curly lettuces (Lactuca sativa L.) grown under different lighting conditions were investigated. Fluorescent lamps (control), blue, red, and blue plus red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were used as light sources for 10 days. An equal proportion (1:1) of blue and red LEDs was used in the mixed radiation condition. Compared with the control, monochromic red or blue lighting increased fresh and dry weights of 'Ttuksum' and 'Jaju' lettuces. Anthocyanin synthesis was also significantly promoted by the mixed radiation of blue and red LEDs. The mixed radiation also increased the protein content and PAL enzyme activity of 'Ttuksum' leaves by about 200% compared to other treatments. Anthocyanin content was the highest in lettuces subjected to the mixture radiation of blue and red light treatment, while anthocyanin synthesis was inhibited by monochromic red light. The results of the present study indicate that growth and pigment synthesis in lettuces are significantly enhanced by exposure to mixed radiation from blue and red LEDs.This study was carried out with the support of Research Program for Agricultural Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ0076662011), National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000027607/2SEQ:2PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000027607ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A075898DEPT_CD:517CITE_RATE:.237FILENAME:2012-2-kjhst-led적치마상추-허정욱.pdfDEPT_NM:식물생산과학부EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

Growth and Quality of Baby Leaf Vegetables Hydroponically Grown in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting as Affected by Composition of Nutrient Solution

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of composition of nutrient solution on the growth and quality of baby leaf vegetables (tah tsai, romaine lettuce, beet, and red radish) hydroponically cultivated in a plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL). Seeds of the four vegetable crops were sown in urethane sponges and cultivated for 14 days in a PFAL. Light intensity and photoperiod were 110 μmol･m -2･s -1 and 16 h･d -1 , respectively; and air temperature in photo-/dark periods was maintained at 25/20°C. Tap water was suppied for seven days after sowing, and then tap water (TW) and the nutrient solutions of Korea wonshi (KRWS), Japan enshi (JPES), and Yamazaki solution for lettuce (YMAK) were supplied for seven days. Fourteen days after sowing, the fresh weight of tah tsai and romaine lettuce was greatest in YMZK treatment, while there was no significant difference among nutrient solutions in beet and red radish. When we compared leaf color using Hunters a value, KRWS and JPES increased green color in baby leaf vegetables, while YMZK increased red color. Total phenolic content of romaine lettuce was greatest in KRWS treatment, but that in tah tsai, beet, and red radish showed no significant difference among nutrient solutions. Results suggest that KRWS enhances the growth and quality of romaine lettuce, while YMZK is appropriate for enhancing the growth and red color of beet and red radish hydroponically grown in a PFAL.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2015-01/104/0000027607/5ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A075898DEPT_CD:517CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:(곽유리나)growth_and_quality_of_baby_leaf_vegetables_hydroponically_grown_in_a_plant_factory_with_artificial··.pdfDEPT_NM:식물생산과학부CONFIRM:

Flower development and fruit malformation in strawberries after short-term exposure to high or low temperature

Strawberry plants are at risk of exposure to short-term high daytime temperature (HTD) during flowering and exposure to short-term low temperature at night (LTN) during the coldest months of winter. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of short-term HTD or LTN on the different floral developments and fruit development, such as fruit malformation, flowering traits, stigma maturation, and pollen quality in 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang' strawberries. For the treatment of HTD, plants were treated at 35 degrees C, and for LTN treatment, plants were treated at 2 degrees C for consecutive days each. Days to flowering were shortened under HTD in both cultivars, while days to anther dehiscence were shortened under HTD. Stigma maturation was delayed by short-term extreme temperature stress in 'Maehyang'. Short-term LTN before the flower petals appeared in the first and second flower clusters might cause high malformation rates in both cultivars. Pollen viability and the germination rate were decreased by HTD and LTN in both cultivars. There was a high correlation between the lower pollen germination rate and the higher percentage of malformed fruits under short-term LTN. These results suggest that even shortterm exposure to low temperature in winter during cultivation should be controlled carefully considering developmental stages and cultivar-specific responses and that attention should be paid to the protection of strawberries.N