Carbon trading-based layered operation optimization of the electric–thermal multi-energy-flow coupling system with photothermal power stations

With the increasing development of low-carbon economy, the coupling degree of electric thermal gas system is deepening day by day. The operation mode of traditional energy supply system using electric heating separation mode and hierarchical dispatching of transmission and distribution network has been difficult to mine the whole network resources and realize the global optimal operation strategy. In order to increase the consumption of new energy and solve the multi-energy current coupling system, this paper puts forward a layered optimization operation strategy for the electric-thermal multi-energy current coupling system with Concentrated solar power (CSP) plant and carbon trading mechanism. The upper layer is the solution layer of multi-energy coupled flow system. In order to solve the matrix values of complex multi-energy coupled flow system, Newton's method, improved Newton’s method and improved second-order cone collaborative solution methods are proposed. The lower layer is the multi-energy flow optimization layer. According to the system solution values obtained from the upper layer, the lower layer optimization aims at economic minimization of the total user cost. The carbon trading mechanism model is introduced to optimize the time sequence output of the electric thermal unit under different scenarios, and the mixed integer linear programming method is adopted. Finally, the validity is verified by a simulation example. The results show that this method can optimize the operation of the system, improve the accuracy and rapidity of the system, and “carbon trading and CSP power station” method can better constrain the carbon emission of the multi-energy flow coupling system, reduce the energy pressure of the device, and improve the economy of the total cost of the user.If this method is adopted, it can be used for reference in the future energy management and system decision of multi-energy flow coupling system

Mine earthquake mechanism of extremely thick strata based on focalmemchanism analysis

In the Ordos mining area of North China, the Jurassic coal seam is commonly overlain by extremely thick cretaceous sandstone strata. Based on the seismic displacement field and relative moment tensor inversion method, this paper investigates the mine earthquake mechanism and roof fracture characteristics of coal seams under extremely thick strata. In this study, by using seismic source groups as units and microseismic stations as objects, the source mechanism of mine earthquakes is inverted by constructing an inversion matrix, which greatly improves the inversion efficiency and accuracy. The focal mechanism of large-energy mine earthquakes located in solid coal section and goaf section under extremely thick strata is calculated. The characteristics of roof fracture evolution and the influence of vibration wave radiation are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the extremely thick strata of Cretaceous goaf start to break when the panel below retreats along goaf. During this period, the surface subsidence increases rapidly, and the significant mine earthquakes with energy above 100 kJ begin to occur, and the mine earthquake distribution is more concentrative than that in the solid coal stage. Most of the large-energy mine earthquakes are located behind the goaf, which is closely related to the breakage and slide of the thick roof. Roof tension rupture accounts for more than 85% of the mine earthquakes. During mining along goaf, the seismic sources tend to expand upward, and more shear slip ruptures are presented compared with that in the solid coal mining stage. The strike of the fracture surface has a similar direction or an angle of “X” with the advancing direction. However, compared with that in the solid coal stage, the angle of “X” during mining along goaf increases from 30° to 45°. For the source rupture surface, the dip angle of between 0°−30° accounts for about 50% of the total. The failure type of roof is dominated by horizontal separation tension and roof rotation compression. The generated P waves mostly propagate to the goaf below, which causes a minor influence on the mining face. Only a small part of the P waves propagate to the surrounding working face, which may pose a great impact on the working face. The prevention and control strategy on the extremely-thick-strata type mine earthquakes can be conducted by weakening the integrity of thick strata and making thick strata break in tiers, aiming to reduce the rockburst risks to the working face induced by the breakage of the whole thick strata

Meiosis-Specific Loading of the Centromere-Specific Histone CENH3 in Arabidopsis thaliana

Centromere behavior is specialized in meiosis I, so that sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes are pulled toward the same side of the spindle (through kinetochore mono-orientation) and chromosome number is reduced. Factors required for mono-orientation have been identified in yeast. However, comparatively little is known about how meiotic centromere behavior is specialized in animals and plants that typically have large tandem repeat centromeres. Kinetochores are nucleated by the centromere-specific histone CENH3. Unlike conventional histone H3s, CENH3 is rapidly evolving, particularly in its N-terminal tail domain. Here we describe chimeric variants of CENH3 with alterations in the N-terminal tail that are specifically defective in meiosis. Arabidopsis thaliana cenh3 mutants expressing a GFP-tagged chimeric protein containing the H3 N-terminal tail and the CENH3 C-terminus (termed GFP-tailswap) are sterile because of random meiotic chromosome segregation. These defects result from the specific depletion of GFP-tailswap protein from meiotic kinetochores, which contrasts with its normal localization in mitotic cells. Loss of the GFP-tailswap CENH3 variant in meiosis affects recruitment of the essential kinetochore protein MIS12. Our findings suggest that CENH3 loading dynamics might be regulated differently in mitosis and meiosis. As further support for our hypothesis, we show that GFP-tailswap protein is recruited back to centromeres in a subset of pollen grains in GFP-tailswap once they resume haploid mitosis. Meiotic recruitment of the GFP-tailswap CENH3 variant is not restored by removal of the meiosis-specific cohesin subunit REC8. Our results reveal the existence of a specialized loading pathway for CENH3 during meiosis that is likely to involve the hypervariable N-terminal tail. Meiosis-specific CENH3 dynamics may play a role in modulating meiotic centromere behavior

Metoda za izračun izkoristka eliptične zobniške dvojice na osnovi eksperimentalnih podatkov

Transmission efficiency is an important index to evaluate the transmission performance and energy consumption of gear transmission systems. To analyse the transmission efficiency of elliptic gears, the load torque fluctuation model of elliptic gear is established to analyse the influence of load torque of an elliptic gear transmission system on the torque of input and output. The torque data of input and output under different working conditions are obtained by conducting an elliptic gear transmission test. Finally, the transmission efficiency of the elliptic gear pair is obtained through the torque measurement data of the elliptic gear transmission test, and its variation law under different working conditions is analysed. The results show that the transmission efficiency of the elliptic gear transmission system changes constantly and presents an increasing trend with the increase of load torque and a decreasing trend with the increase of speed

Potential effects of PKC or protease inhibitors on acute pancreatitis-induced tissue injury in rats.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is still one of the severe diseases, that cause the development of multiple organ dysfunction with a high mortality. Effective therapies for AP are still limited, mainly due to unclear mechanisms by which A-P initiates both pancreatic and extrapancreatic organ injury. Methods: Protease inhibitors (aprotinin, pefabloc, trypsin inhibitor) and PKC inhibitors (polymyxin B, staurosporine) were administrated 30 min before 'induction of AP in rats. To investigate the pancreatic, systemic and lung inflammatory response and injury, plasma IL-6 and IL-10, pancreatic and pulmonary myeloperoxidase (NIPO) levels, pancreatic protease activity and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity in ascites were measured 3 and 6 h after AP induction. Results: Pretreatment with protease inhibitors significantly prevented from AP-increased plasma levels of IL-10, pancreatic and pulmonary levels of MTO, pancreatic protease activity and the catalytic activity of PLA(2) in ascites. PKC inhibitors significantly reduced pancreatic and pulmonary levels of MTO and pancreatic protease activity. Conclusion: Inhibition of proteases in AP may be helpful in ameliorating the inflammatory reaction in both pancreatic and extrapancreatic tissues, where neutrophil involvement may be regulated by PKC and proteases

Protein kinase C modulates the pulmonary inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis.

The present study aims at evaluating the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the development of acute lung injury, production of inflammatory mediators and expression of adhesion molecules on leukocytes after induction of acute pancreatitis (AP). AP was induced by the intraductal infusion of 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate in the rat. The animals had the PKC inhibitor polymyxin B administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to induction of AP. Levels of protein content, protease activity, cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assessed 1 and 6 h after AP induction. Adhesion molecule expression on leukocytes were measured by flowcytometry. Pretreatment with polymyxin B prevented against acute pancreatitis-induced lung injury and the otherwise occurring increases in TNF-alpha, IL-I beta, MCP-1 and IL-10, as well as against the decreases in IL-2, IFN gamma and TIMP-1, decreased protease activity and down-regulation of CD31, CD54 and CD62L on recruited neutrophils and macrophages in BALE The results indicate that the leukocyte response in acute pancreatitis vary depending on leukocyte subpopulation. It seems that activation of the PKC signalling pathway may play an important role in pancreatitis-associated lung injury. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved