An Empirical Bayesian Method for Detecting Differentially Expressed Genes Using EST Data

Detection of differentially expressed genes from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) data has received much attention. An empirical Bayesian method is introduced in which gene expression patterns are estimated and used to define detection statistics. Significantly differentially expressed genes can be declared given detection statistics. Simulation is done to evaluate the performance of proposed method. Two real applications are studied

Research on the Joint Construction of a National Multi-source and Multi-resolution image Checkpoint Database

In the process of quality inspection of Remote sensing image data results, the reuse of spatial location information of multiple units, multiple projects and multiple sources can not only overcome the problems of long time to obtain control information, high cost and difficulty in obtaining some areas, but also the basis for achieving efficient and high-precision geometric correction. From the perspective of reusability of checkpoints and saving the cost of quality inspection of remote sensing images, this paper discusses the necessity of joint construction of multi-source and multi-resolution image checkpoint database. And put forward the construction principle and management objectives of checkpoint database. At last, this paper briefly introduces and prospects the application of the national multi-source and multi-resolution image checkpoint database

Research Progress on the Effect of Oil Preparation Technology on Lipid Concomitants in Rapeseed Oil

The major route of rapeseed utilization is by the preparation of rapeseed oil. Different oil preparation technologies have a significant influence on lipid concomitants (including polyphenols, phytosterols, tocopherols, and β-carotene) in rapeseed oil. Lipid concomitants are an important part in rapeseed oil quality, so it is crucial to understand the changes of lipid concomitants during rapeseed oil production. The aim of this review is to summarize the major outcomes of recent research on the influence of different oil preparation technologies on lipid concomitants in rapeseed oil with a focus on pretreatment technologies (including pulsed electric field, microwave, and roasting/steaming), oil extraction technologies (including supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, aqueous enzymatic extraction, and solvent extraction) and refining processes (including degumming, deacidification, decolorization, and deodorization). We hope that this review will provide a theoretical basis for the development of green and efficient technology for rapeseed processing

Autocrine, Not Paracrine, Interferon-Gamma Gene Delivery Enhances Ex Vivo Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Stimulation and Killing

The adoptive transfer of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) shows promise in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. We utilize adeno-associated virus-(AAV-) based antigen gene-loaded dendritic cells (DCs) to stimulate such antigen-specific CTL. Yet further improvements in CTL stimulation and killing may result by gene delivery of various Th1-response interferons/cytokines, such as interferon γ (IFN-γ), as the delivered gene can continuously produce that interferon. However which immune cell type should optimally express IFN-γ is unclear as the phenotypes of both DC and T cells are enhanced by it. Here, we used AAV to compare and contrast IFN-γ gene delivery into DC or T cells, and versus the addition of exogenous IFN-γ, for stimulating carcinoembryonic antigen-(CEA-) specific CTL. It was found that AAV/IFN-γ delivery into T cells (autocrine) resulted in T cell populations with the highest CD8(+)/CD4(+) ratio, highest IFN-γ(+)/IL-4(+) ratio, highest CD69(+),CD8(+) levels, and lowest CD4(+)/CD25(+) levels, all consistent with the strongest Th1 response. Most importantly, AAV/IFN-γ transduction of T cells resulted in antigen-specific T cell populations with the highest killing capabilities, 49% above other treatments. These data strongly suggest that AAV/IFN-γ autocrine gene delivery into T cells is worthy of further study towards maximizing the generation of antigen-specific anticancer CTL killers

From bibliometric analysis: 3D printing design strategies and battery applications with a focus on zinc-ion batteries

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has the potential to revolutionize the way energy storage devices are designed and manufactured. In this paper, we explore the use of 3D printing in the design and production of energy storage devices, especially zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) and examine its potential advantages over traditional manufacturing methods. 3D printing could significantly improve the customization of ZIBs, making it a promising strategy for the future of energy storage. In particular, 3D printing allows for the creation of complex, customized geometries, and designs that can optimize the energy density, power density, and overall performance of batteries. Simultaneously, we discuss and compare the impact of 3D printing design strategies based on different configurations of film, interdigitation, and framework on energy storage devices with a focus on ZIBs. Additionally, 3D printing enables the rapid prototyping and production of batteries, reducing leading times and costs compared with traditional manufacturing methods. However, there are also challenges and limitations to consider, such as the need for further development of suitable 3D printing materials and processes for energy storage applications

Trade-Offs between the Metabolic Rate and Population Density of Plants

The energetic equivalence rule, which is based on a combination of metabolic theory and the self-thinning rule, is one of the fundamental laws of nature. However, there is a progressively increasing body of evidence that scaling relationships of metabolic rate vs. body mass and population density vs. body mass are variable and deviate from their respective theoretical values of 3/4 and −3/4 or −2/3. These findings questioned the previous hypotheses of energetic equivalence rule in plants. Here we examined the allometric relationships between photosynthetic mass (Mp) or leaf mass (ML) vs. body mass (β); population density vs. body mass (δ); and leaf mass vs. population density, for desert shrubs, trees, and herbaceous plants, respectively. As expected, the allometric relationships for both photosynthetic mass (i.e. metabolic rate) and population density varied with the environmental conditions. However, the ratio between the two exponents was −1 (i.e. β/δ = −1) and followed the trade-off principle when local resources were limited. Our results demonstrate for the first time that the energetic equivalence rule of plants is based on trade-offs between the variable metabolic rate and population density rather than their constant allometric exponents