Transplanckian Dispersion Relation and Entanglement Entropy of Blackhole

The quantum correction to the entanglement entropy of the event horizon is plagued by the UV divergence due to the infinitely blue-shifted near horizon modes. The resolution of this UV divergence provides an excellent window to a better understanding and control of the quantum gravity effects. We claim that the key to resolve this UV puzzle is the transplanckian dispersion relation. We calculate the entanglement entropy using a very general type of transplanckian dispersion relation such that high energy modes above a certain scale are cutoff, and show that the entropy is rendered UV finite. We argue that modified dispersion relation is a generic feature of string theory, and this boundedness nature of the dispersion relation is a general consequence of the existence of a minimal distance in string theory.Comment: 7 pages. To appear in the proceedings of 36th International Symposium Ahrenshoop on the theory of Elementary Particles: Recent Developments in String/M Theory and Field Theory, Berlin, Germany, 26-30 Aug 200

Multicell Coordinated Beamforming with Rate Outage Constraint--Part I: Complexity Analysis

This paper studies the coordinated beamforming (CoBF) design in the multiple-input single-output interference channel, assuming only channel distribution information given a priori at the transmitters. The CoBF design is formulated as an optimization problem that maximizes a predefined system utility, e.g., the weighted sum rate or the weighted max-min-fairness (MMF) rate, subject to constraints on the individual probability of rate outage and power budget. While the problem is non-convex and appears difficult to handle due to the intricate outage probability constraints, so far it is still unknown if this outage constrained problem is computationally tractable. To answer this, we conduct computational complexity analysis of the outage constrained CoBF problem. Specifically, we show that the outage constrained CoBF problem with the weighted sum rate utility is intrinsically difficult, i.e., NP-hard. Moreover, the outage constrained CoBF problem with the weighted MMF rate utility is also NP-hard except the case when all the transmitters are equipped with single antenna. The presented analysis results confirm that efficient approximation methods are indispensable to the outage constrained CoBF problem.Comment: submitted to IEEE Transactions on Signal Processin

Steady-state Ab Initio Laser Theory: Generalizations and Analytic Results

We improve the steady-state ab initio laser theory (SALT) of Tureci et al. by expressing its fundamental self-consistent equation in a basis set of threshold constant flux states that contains the exact threshold lasing mode. For cavities with non-uniform index and/or non-uniform gain, the new basis set allows the steady-state lasing properties to be computed with much greater efficiency. This formulation of the SALT can be solved in the single-pole approximation, which gives the intensities and thresholds, including the effects of nonlinear hole-burning interactions to all orders, with negligible computational effort. The approximation yields a number of analytic predictions, including a "gain-clamping" transition at which strong modal interactions suppress all higher modes. We show that the single-pole approximation agrees well with exact SALT calculations, particularly for high-Q cavities. Within this range of validity, it provides an extraordinarily efficient technique for modeling realistic and complex lasers.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figure

Multi-wavelength dissipative soliton operation of an erbium-doped fiber laser

We report on the generation of multi-wavelength dissipative soliton (DS) in an all normal dispersion fiber laser passively mode-locked with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). We show that depending on the strength of the cavity birefringence, stable single-, dual- and triple-wavelength DSs can be formed in the laser. The multi-wavelength soliton operation of the laser was experimentally investigated, and the formation mechanisms of the multi-wavelength DSs are discussed

Transplanckian Entanglement Entropy

The entanglement entropy of the event horizon is known to be plagued by the UV divergence due to the infinitely blue-shifted near horizon modes. In this paper we calculate the entanglement entropy using the transplanckian dispersion relation, which has been proposed to model the quantum gravity effects. We show that, very generally, the entropy is rendered UV finite due to the suppression of high energy modes effected by the transplanckian dispersion relation.Comment: 5 pages, revtex4;v2, presentation improve

Power Optimization in Multi-IRS Aided Delay-Constrained IoVT Systems

With the advancement of video sensors in the Internet of Things, Internet of Video Things (IoVT) systems, capable of delivering abundant and diverse information, have been increasingly deployed for various applications. However, the extensive transmission of video data in IoVT poses challenges in terms of delay and power consumption. Intelligent reconfigurable surface (IRS), as an emerging technology, can enhance communication quality and consequently improve system performance by reconfiguring wireless propagation environments. Inspired by this, we propose a multi-IRS aided IoVT system that leverages IRS to enhance communication quality, thereby reducing power consumption while satisfying delay requirements. To fully leverage the benefits of IRS, we jointly optimize power control for IoVT devices and passive beamforming for IRS to minimize long-term total power consumption under delay constraints. To solve this problem, we first utilize Lyapunov optimization to decouple the long-term optimization problem into each time slot. Subsequently, an alternating optimization algorithm employing optimal solution-seeking and fractional programming is proposed to effectively solve the optimization problems at each time slot. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms benchmark algorithms in terms of long-term total power consumption. Moreover, a trade-off between the number of IRS elements and system performance is also proved

Interleukin 10 promoter haplotype is associated with alcoholic liver cirrhosis in Taiwanese patients

AbstractAlcoholic liver cirrhosis is a severe form of alcohol-related liver damage. More than 95% of heavy drinkers develop a fatty liver, but only 35% of them develop cirrhosis. We postulate that genetic factors may play a role in this difference. Genetic polymorphisms of the cytokine genes may influence Kupffer cells cytokine genes expression. In this study, we evaluated the promoter polymorphisms of interleukin (IL) 1β, IL 6, IL 10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and aimed to clarify the association between the polymorphisms and the disease. Forty alcoholic patients with liver cirrhosis and 64 healthy volunteers were included in our investigation. Genotyping on IL 1β –511 T>C, IL 6 –572 G>C, IL 10 –819 C>T, IL 10 –1082 G>A, and TNFα –308 G>A was done. Another 36 patients with recurrent alcoholic pancreatitis were included as an additional control group. Genotyping on IL 10 –819 C>T and IL 10 –1082 G>A was done. The polymorphisms on IL 1 and IL 6 showed no significant association. The p value for TNFα –308 G>A was 0.028 in comparison with healthy volunteers. Although the p value was less than 0.05, it did not reach significance after Bonferroni correction. The p values for IL 10 –819 C>T and IL 10 –1082 G>A were respectively 0.031 and 0.026 in healthy volunteers and 0.028 and 0.023 in the alcoholic pancreatitis group. The results also did not reach significance after Bonferroni correction. Among the participants with the GCC haplotype, healthy volunteers had p = 0.027 (p < 0.05) and an odds ratio (OR) of 0.124 [confidence interval (95%) CI, 0.015–0.997], whereas the alcoholic pancreatitis group had p = 0.023 (p < 0.05) and an OR of 0.106 (95% CI, 0.012–0.912). The odds ratio of people having one ATA haplotype was 6.233 (95% CI, 0.739–52.547) in healthy volunteers and 6.588 (95% CI, 0.727–59.679) in the alcoholic pancreatitis group; the corresponding rate was 10.521 (95% CI, 1.252–88.440) and 12.833 (95% CI 1.408–117.008) for people with two ATA haplotypes. The p values in these groups were 0.031 (p < 0.05) and 0.028 (p < 0.05), respectively. The presence of a GCC haplotype could have protective effect against alcoholic liver disease, whereas the presence of an ATA haplotype could predispose carriers to the disease. The IL 10 promoter haplotype is associated with alcoholic liver cirrhosis in Taiwanese patients