Detection rate of polyps by opportunistic colonoscopy.

Detection rate of polyps by opportunistic colonoscopy.</p

Multivariate analysis of risk factors for polyps detected by opportunistic colonoscopy.

Multivariate analysis of risk factors for polyps detected by opportunistic colonoscopy.</p

Demographic features of polyps by opportunistic colonoscopy.

Demographic features of polyps by opportunistic colonoscopy.</p

Research flow chart and preliminary description of the results.

Research flow chart and preliminary description of the results.</p

Characteristics of all polyps detected by colonoscopy.

Characteristics of all polyps detected by colonoscopy.</p

Age structure and detection rates of adenoma in two groups.

Dark grey: All patients (cases). Light grey: Patients with adenomas (cases). Dotted line: Incidence Rate of adenoma (%).</p

Age structure and detection rates of polyp in two groups.

Dark grey: All patients (cases). Light grey: Patients with polyps (cases). Dotted line: Incidence Rate of overall polyp (%).</p

Additional file 1 of Multifunctional biomimetic hydrogel dressing provides anti-infection treatment and improves immunotherapy by reprogramming the infection-related wound microenvironment

Supplementary Material

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Engineered Macrophage-Derived Exosomes for Targeted Pathological Angiogenesis Therapy

Engineering exosomes with nanomaterials usually leads to the damage of exosomal membrane and bioactive molecules. Here, pathological angiogenesis targeting exosomes with magnetic imaging, ferroptosis inducing, and immunotherapeutic properties is fabricated using a simple coincubation method with macrophages being the bioreactor. Extremely small iron oxide nanoparticle (ESIONPs) incorporated exosomes (ESIONPs@EXO) are acquired by sorting the secreted exosomes from M1-polarized macrophages induced by ESIONPs. ESIONPs@EXO suppress pathological angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo without toxicity. Furthermore, ESIONPs@EXO target pathological angiogenesis and exhibit an excellent T1-weighted contrast property for magnetic resonance imaging. Mechanistically, ESIONPs@EXO induce ferroptosis and exhibit immunotherapeutic ability toward pathological angiogenesis. These findings demonstrate that a pure biological method engineered ESIONPs@EXO using macrophages shows potential for targeted pathological angiogenesis therapy

Original data and codes.rar from Habitat fragmentation increases specialization of multi-trophic interactions by high species turnover

Habitat fragmentation is altering species interactions worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of network specialization to habitat fragmentation remain unknown, especially for multi-trophic interactions. We here collected a large dataset consisting of 2670 observations of tri-trophic interactions among plants, sap-sucking aphids and honeydew-collecting ants on 18 forested islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. For each island, we constructed an antagonistic plant-aphid and a mutualistic aphid-ant network, and tested how network specialization varied with island area and isolation. We found that both networks exhibited higher specialization on smaller islands, while only aphid-ant networks had increased specialization on more isolated islands. Variations in network specialization among islands was primarily driven by species turnover, which was interlinked across trophic levels as fragmentation increased the specialization of both antagonistic and mutualistic networks through bottom-up effects via plant and aphid communities. These findings reveal that species on small and isolated islands display higher specialization mainly due to effects of fragmentation on species turnover, with behavioural changes causing interaction rewiring playing only a minor role. Our study highlights the significance of adopting a multi-trophic perspective when exploring patterns and processes in structuring ecological networks in fragmented landscapes