3,537 research outputs found
Prediction-Coherent LSTM-based Recurrent Neural Network for Safer Glucose Predictions in Diabetic People
In the context of time-series forecasting, we propose a LSTM-based recurrent
neural network architecture and loss function that enhance the stability of the
predictions. In particular, the loss function penalizes the model, not only on
the prediction error (mean-squared error), but also on the predicted variation
error.
We apply this idea to the prediction of future glucose values in diabetes,
which is a delicate task as unstable predictions can leave the patient in doubt
and make him/her take the wrong action, threatening his/her life. The study is
conducted on type 1 and type 2 diabetic people, with a focus on predictions
made 30-minutes ahead of time.
First, we confirm the superiority, in the context of glucose prediction, of
the LSTM model by comparing it to other state-of-the-art models (Extreme
Learning Machine, Gaussian Process regressor, Support Vector Regressor).
Then, we show the importance of making stable predictions by smoothing the
predictions made by the models, resulting in an overall improvement of the
clinical acceptability of the models at the cost in a slight loss in prediction
accuracy.
Finally, we show that the proposed approach, outperforms all baseline
results. More precisely, it trades a loss of 4.3\% in the prediction accuracy
for an improvement of the clinical acceptability of 27.1\%. When compared to
the moving average post-processing method, we show that the trade-off is more
efficient with our approach
Can Modus Vivendi Save Liberalism from Moralism? A Critical Assessment of John Gray’s Political Realism
This chapter assesses John Gray’s modus vivendi-based justification for liberalism. I argue that his approach is preferable to the more orthodox deontological or teleological justificatory strategies, at least because of the way it can deal with the problem of diversity. But then I show how that is not good news for liberalism, for grounding liberal political authority in a modus vivendi undermines liberalism’s aspiration to occupy a privileged normative position vis-à-vis other kinds of regimes. So modus vivendi can save liberalism from moralism, but at cost many liberals will not be prepared to pay
A prospective trial of tacrolimus (FK 506) in clinical heart transplantation: Intermediate-term results
Between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1994, we have treated 122 primary heart recipients with FK 506 (group I) and 121 with cyclosporine (group II). Fifty patients in the cyclosporine (CyA) group received no lympholytic induction (CyA alone) and 71 others received lympholytic induction with either rabbit antithymocyte globulin or OKT3 (CyA+LI). The mean follow-up was longer in the FK 506 group than in the CyA groups (3.2 ± 1.3 vs 2.3 ± 1.8 years; p < 0.01). Patient survival did not differ on the basis of the type of immunosuppression used. At 3 months after transplantation, the freedom from rejection in the FK 506 group was higher than that of the CyA-alone group (47% vs 22%, p < 0.01) but similar to that of the CyA+LI group (47% vs 53%). The linearized rejection rate (episodes/100 patient-days) of the FK 506 group (0.09 episodes) was lower (p < 0.05) than that of the CyA-alone group (0.26) and the CyA+LI group (0.13). The requirement for pulsed steroids to treat rejection was less in common in the FK 506 group than in either CyA group. Eighteen patients in the CyA group had refractory rejections; all resolved with FK 506 rescue. Two patients in the FK 506 group had refractory rejection that resolved with total lymphoid irradiation (n = 1) and methotrexate therapy (n = 1). Patients receiving FK 506 had a lower risk of hypertension and required a lower dose of steroids. Although the mean serum creatinine concentration at 1 year was higher in the FK 506 group, this difference disappeared after 2 years. No patients required discontinuation of FK 506 because of its side effects. Our intermediate-term results indicate that FK 506 compares favorably with CyA as a primary immunosuppressant in heart transplantation
Coherent spinor dynamics in a spin-1 Bose condensate
Collisions in a thermal gas are perceived as random or incoherent as a
consequence of the large numbers of initial and final quantum states accessible
to the system. In a quantum gas, e.g. a Bose-Einstein condensate or a
degenerate Fermi gas, the phase space accessible to low energy collisions is so
restricted that collisions be-come coherent and reversible. Here, we report the
observation of coherent spin-changing collisions in a gas of spin-1 bosons.
Starting with condensates occupying two spin states, a condensate in the third
spin state is coherently and reversibly created by atomic collisions. The
observed dynamics are analogous to Josephson oscillations in weakly connected
superconductors and represent a type of matter-wave four-wave mixing. The
spin-dependent scattering length is determined from these oscillations to be
-1.45(18) Bohr. Finally, we demonstrate coherent control of the evolution of
the system by applying differential phase shifts to the spin states using
magnetic fields.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figure
Record linkage research and informed consent: who consents?
BACKGROUND: Linking computerized health insurance records with routinely collected survey data is becoming increasingly popular in health services research. However, if consent is not universal, the requirement of written informed consent may introduce a number of research biases. The participants of a national health survey in Taiwan were asked to have their questionnaire results linked to their national health insurance records. This study compares those who consented with those who refused. METHODS: A national representative sample (n = 14,611 adults) of the general adult population aged 20 years or older who participated in the Taiwan National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and who provided complete survey information were used in this study. At the end of the survey, the respondents were asked if they would give permission to access their National Health Insurance records. Information given by the interviewees in the survey was used to analyze who was more likely to consent to linkage and who wasn't. RESULTS: Of the 14,611 NHIS participants, 12,911 (88%) gave consent, and 1,700 (12%) denied consent. The elderly, the illiterate, those with a lower income, and the suburban area residents were significantly more likely to deny consent. The aborigines were significantly less likely to refuse. No discrepancy in gender and self-reported health was found between individuals who consented and those who refused. CONCLUSION: This study is the first population-based study in assessing the consent pattern in a general Asian population. Consistent with people in Western societies, in Taiwan, a typical Asian society, a high percentage of adults gave consent for their health insurance records and questionnaire results to be linked. Consenters differed significantly from non-consenters in important aspects such as age, ethnicity, and educational background. Consequently, having a high consent rate (88%) may not fully eliminate the possibility of selection bias. Researchers should take this source of bias into consideration in their study design and investigate any potential impact of this source of bias on their results
Tibial shaft fractures in football players
© 2007 Chang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens
Spontaneous creation of Kibble-Zurek solitons in a Bose-Einstein condensate
When a system crosses a second-order phase transition on a finite timescale,
spontaneous symmetry breaking can cause the development of domains with
independent order parameters, which then grow and approach each other creating
boundary defects. This is known as Kibble-Zurek mechanism. Originally
introduced in cosmology, it applies both to classical and quantum phase
transitions, in a wide variety of physical systems. Here we report on the
spontaneous creation of solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates via the
Kibble-Zurek mechanism. We measure the power-law dependence of defects number
with the quench time, and provide a check of the Kibble-Zurek scaling with the
sonic horizon. These results provide a promising test bed for the determination
of critical exponents in Bose-Einstein condensates.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Probing for Invisible Higgs Decays with Global Fits
We demonstrate by performing a global fit on Higgs signal strength data that
large invisible branching ratios Br_{inv} for a Standard Model (SM) Higgs
particle are currently consistent with the experimental hints of a scalar
resonance at the mass scale m_h ~ 124 GeV. For this mass scale, we find
Br_{inv} < 0.64 (95 % CL) from a global fit to individual channel signal
strengths supplied by ATLAS, CMS and the Tevatron collaborations. Novel tests
that can be used to improve the prospects of experimentally discovering the
existence of a Br_{inv} with future data are proposed. These tests are based on
the combination of all visible channel Higgs signal strengths, and allow us to
examine the required reduction in experimental and theoretical errors in this
data that would allow a more significantly bounded invisible branching ratio to
be experimentally supported. We examine in some detail how our conclusions and
method are affected when a scalar resonance at this mass scale has couplings
deviating from the SM ones.Comment: 32pp, 15 figures v2: JHEP version, ref added & comment added after
Eq.
A human MAP kinase interactome.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways form the backbone of signal transduction in the mammalian cell. Here we applied a systematic experimental and computational approach to map 2,269 interactions between human MAPK-related proteins and other cellular machinery and to assemble these data into functional modules. Multiple lines of evidence including conservation with yeast supported a core network of 641 interactions. Using small interfering RNA knockdowns, we observed that approximately one-third of MAPK-interacting proteins modulated MAPK-mediated signaling. We uncovered the Na-H exchanger NHE1 as a potential MAPK scaffold, found links between HSP90 chaperones and MAPK pathways and identified MUC12 as the human analog to the yeast signaling mucin Msb2. This study makes available a large resource of MAPK interactions and clone libraries, and it illustrates a methodology for probing signaling networks based on functional refinement of experimentally derived protein-interaction maps
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