Advancing railway track health monitoring:Integrating GPR, InSAR and machine learning for enhanced asset management

Railway track health monitoring and maintenance are crucial stages in railway asset management, aiming to enhance the train operation quality and service life. For this aim, various inspection means (using diverse non-destructive testing techniques) have been applied, however, these means are mostly not able to monitor whole railway track network or track underlying layers (e.g., ballast and subgrade). The use of remote sensing techniques, such as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), can expedite the defect diagnosis process for railway tracks, elevating the scope of health monitoring to a network-wide level. The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has emerged as a particularly reliable method, especially for detecting structural deficiencies in underlying layers. As a result, combining the two distinct non-destructive testing techniques – GPR and InSAR – presents a promising strategy for efficient railway asset management. Recognizing the significance of embracing newer and more advanced monitoring strategies, this paper reviews the fusion of GPR and InSAR methodologies, and explores the potential integration of machine learning models to develop a predictive health monitoring and condition-based maintenance approach for railway tracks

Uspostava sendvič ELISE testa za goveđi plazma PON-1 i njegova prediktivna vrijednost za masnu jetru u mliječnih krava

The aim of this study to improve the clinical diagnosis of fatty livers (FL) in dairy cows by using the paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) enzyme as a detection index. Prokaryotic expression technology was used to generate recombinant bovine PON-1 protein. Mice were immunized with this protein to generate hybridoma cells, stably secreting anti-PON-1. Cells were injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice, and ascites were purified to generate bovine PON-1 monoclonal antibody. Rabbits were then immunized with this antigen, and a polyclonal antibody against bovine PON-1 was obtained. Using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, a double-antibody sandwich ELISA for plasma PON-1 was constructed. Plasma samples were collected from healthy (n = 13) and FL (n = 13) cows, and plasma PON-1 levels were detected using the PON-1 ELISA. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to analyze correlations between PON-1 levels and FL. Results showed that the ideal working concentration of the monoclonal antibody was 0.8 mg/mL, and the quantitative detection limit was 90 ng/mL. Plasma PON-1 levels were significantly lower in FL cows, when compared with healthy animals. It is concluded that PON-1 ELISA predicts risk factors for dairy cows with FL. PON-1 levels in plasma can be used as an early warning indicator for FL and concentration of 61.87 nmol/L was identified as warning index.Cilj ovog rada bio je unaprijediti kliničku dijagnostiku masne jetre (FL) u mliječnih krava upotrebom enzima paraoksonaze-1 (PON-1) kao indeksa za otkrivanje bolesti. Primijenjena je metoda prokariotske ekspresije kako bi se proizveo rekombinantni goveđi protein PON-1. Miševi su imunizirani ovim proteinom kako bi porizveli stanice hibridoma sa stabilnim izlučivanjem anti-PON-1. Stanice su injektirane u peritonealnu šupljinu miševa te je ascites pročišćen kako bi proizveo goveđa monoklonska protutijela PON-1. Tim su antigenom imunizirani kunići te je dobiveno poliklonsko antitijelo na goveđi PON-1. Upotrebom monoklonskih i poliklonskih antitijela uspostavljen je sendvič ELISA test dva sloja antitijela za plazmatski PON-1. Uzorci plazme prikupljeni su iz zdravih krava (n = 13) i krava s masnom jetrom (n = 13), dok su razine plazmatskog PON-1 detektirane upotrebom PON-1 ELISA. Analizom ROC krivulje analizirane su korelacije između razina PON-1 i FL-a. Rezultati pokazuju da je idealna radna koncentracija monoklonskih protutijela bila 0,8 mg/mL, a kvantitativno ograničenje detekcije 90 ng/mL. Razine plazmatskog PON-1 bile su znakovito niže u krava s masnom jetrom u usporedbi sa zdravim životinjama. Zaključeno je da je PON-1 dobiven ELISA-om prediktor rizičnih čimbenika za masnu jetru u krava. Plazmatske razine PON-1 mogu poslužiti kao rani pokazatelj masne jetre, a kao upozoravajući indeks pokazala se koncentracija od 61,87 nmol/L

Pinching arc plasmas by high-frequency alternating longitudinal magnetic field

Arc plasmas have promising applications in many fields, and exploring their properties is of interest. This research paper presents detailed pressure-based finite volume simulations of an argon arc. Simulations of the free-burning argon arc show good agreement with experiment. We observe an interesting phenomenon that an argon arc concentrates intensively in a high-frequency alternating longitudinal magnetic field. This is different from existing constricting mechanisms, as here the arc is pinched through continuous dynamic transitions between shrinking and expansion. The underlying mechanism is that via working together with an arc's motion inertia, the applied high-frequency alternating magnetic field is able to effectively play a “plasma trap” role, which leads the arc plasma to be confined to a narrower space. This finding may provide a new approach to constrict arc plasmas

Antiferromagnetic to Ferrimagnetic Phase Transition and Possible Phase Coexistence in Polar Magnets (Fe1−x_{1-x}Mnx_x)2_2Mo3_3O8_8

In the present work, magnetic properties of single crystal (Fe$_{1-x}$Mn$_x$)$_2$Mo$_3$O$_8$ ($0<x<1$) have been studied by performing extensive measurements. A detailed magnetic phase diagram is built up, in which antiferromagnetic state dominates for $x<0.25$ and ferrimagnetic phase arises for $x>0.3$. Meanwhile, sizeable electric polarization of spin origin is commonly observed in all samples, no matter what the magnetic state is. For the samples hosting a ferrimagnetic state, square-like magnetic hysteresis loops are revealed, while the remnant magnetization and coercive field can be tuned drastically by simply varying the Mn-content or temperature. Possible coexistence of the antiferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic phases is proposed to be responsible for the remarkable modulation of magnetic properties in the samples

Genuine N-wise Quantum Incompatibility in a High-Dimensional System

Quantum incompatibility is referred as the phenomenon that some quantum measurements cannot be performed simultaneously, and is also used in various quantum information tasks. However, it is still a challenge to certify whether a given set of multiple high-dimensional measurements respects a specific structure of incompatibility. To address this problem, we propose a modified quantum state discrimination protocol that decomposes complex compatibility structures into pair-wise ones and employs noise robustness to witness incompatibility structures. Our method is capable of detecting genuine $n$-wise incompatibility and some specific general compatibility structures, as demonstrated by our experimental verification of incompatibility structures of $4$ mutually unbiased bases in a qutrit system. The experimental results show that our approach is a direct and intuitive tool to witness incompatibility structures in high-dimensional multi-measurement scenarios.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure