Comparison of Media and Source Framing in Selected Chinese Newspaper Stories on Bilingual Education Issues in Malaysia

Framing study is getting more popular among the communication scholars. Many studies have been conducted to examine the frame building from the outlook of media framing rather than source framing. The role of news sources as an external factor in the frame-building process has thus far very much been neglected. The scrutiny of news sources – government, ruling political parties, education movement and interest groups, opposing political parties, general public, and editorial – for their predominant generic frames is believed to have made significant contribution to the school of framing study. This empirical research aims at comparing the framing of news stories by both newspapers and news sources. In addition, these two communication elements are to ascertain their relationships with news slants. Content analysis will be employed to meet the above research objectives. Five Chinese daily newspapers that are available at the research location are selected and their coverage on the educational issue of teaching and learning of mathematics and science subjects in two languages is chosen as it is thought to be relevant to the Malaysian Chinese community. Two significant events in this bilingual educational issue have been identified, i.e. the first announcement of using English as the medium of instruction for these two subjects by the then Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad in 2002 and the announcement of retaining the examination format for 2008 Primary School Achievement Test by the then Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi in 2007. The sampling procedure applies a three-week period after the abovementioned announcements by the country premiers. All paragraphs pertaining to the issue during the study periods are taken into scrutiny. A total of 2,374 units of analysis have been measured for the visibility of five predetermined generic frames. Source frames have been ascertained to emerge by means of favourable frame prominently portrayed by various news sources, who act as frame sponsors in building the news stories. The findings of this research profoundly claim that source frames do exist and they have more impact than media frames. Sources of information initiate and promote a certain frame in the news while media workers depend on the situation to quote the sources with both objective and subjective judgements for newsworthiness. In other words, the existence of frames in any news story is indeed crafted by sources while the media workers just process and get them printed on paper. In addition, the research results reveal that news sources are found to coalesce by way of slanting their news directions. This pattern of news slants is maintained throughout different periods

A reflection of national integration process and the role of media in Malaysia

National integration is an on-going process in Malaysia since independence. Media are found to play an important role to enhance the process, especially in disseminating government policies. After independence, the biggest task entrusted to the government of Malaysia was to integrate the different races together without taking away the ethnic identity of the races. The integration process reached a breaking and turning point during the incident of May 13, 1969 the bloody riot caused by racial tension. The government became more diligent and the media became one of the machinery by which the government continued to work on nation building and the integration of different races. One policy was implemented after another, from National Cultural Policy; New Economic Policy and the Rukun Negara. Revamp of education policies and the setting up of National Unity Department in the Ministry Of National Unity And Social Development was some of the major milestones in national integration. This conceptual paper is a reflection of the past policies and emulation of the present 1Malaysia roadmap for national integration. It started out by defining the different means by which national integration can be achieved such as through the process of assimilation, integration and pluralism. It then took steps back by reflecting on old national integration policies and the prominent role of the media in it over the years. The paper also reflects on the recent 1Malaysia roadmap, press freedom in Malaysia and how it affects the national integration process

Pembingkaian berita persempadanan camar bulan dan tanjung Datu, Kalimantan Barat

Penyelidikan ini mengungkapkan berita atas talian dalam Kompas.com dan Utusan Online mengenai kecondongan berita, bentuk pembingkaian berita, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembinaan bingkai berita isu sempadan daerah Camar Bulan dan Tanjung Datu. Analisis kandungan kualitatif berpandukan model Entman (1993) bingkai empat fungsi iaitu pendefinisian masalah, penyebab masalah, penilaian moral, dan penyelesaian masalah serta temu bual mendalam telah digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan kajian ini. Pada aspek analisis kandungan diperolehi dapatan yang berbeza iaitu Kompas.com bersifatkan dinamik, kontemporari, dan lebih kepada konsep kewartawanan perang berbanding kewartawanan damai dan neutral, manakala Utusan Online bersifatkan normatif, tradisional, dan berkonsep kewartawanan damai dan neutral berbanding perang. Pada proses pembingkaian, Kompas.com dan Utusan Online bersandarkan kepada nasionalisme sebagai elemen terpenting dalam membina bingkai berita persempadanan. Manakala faktor-faktor pengaruh, pembingkaian berita persempadanan oleh Kompas.com dan Utusan Online dipengaruhi oleh faktor dalaman yang merangkumi nilai berita, nasionalisme, pengamalan kewartawanan bermakna, penentuan agenda media, kawalan media kepada pemerintah, kepemilikan media, falsafah dan asas media, reaksi balik terhadap media luar, dan kefahaman individual wartawan. Faktor luaran merangkumi minat pembaca, sistem media, norma dan kaedah kewartawanan, sejarah Indonesia-Malaysia, komersialisasi, propaganda dan kumpulan berkepentingan, sentimen anti-Malaysia, agensi berita asing, kepentingan rakyat dan negara, dan politik dalaman negara. Sumbangan kajian ini ada pada kewujudan aspek nasionalisme sebagai elemen penting dalam melaporkan berita yang membabitkan negara. Dari segi penilaian moral, nasionalisme antara tumpuan yang paling dominan dalam kandungan berita. Pada faktor pengaruh, aspek nasionalisme juga berperanan penting ke atas penyusunan sesebuah berita. Oleh itu, kajian ini memberi implikasi bahawa nasionalisme sememangnya sukar dielakkan dalam membina berita persempadanan antara Indonesia dan Malaysia. Meskipun kaedah etika kewartawanan berteraskan objektiviti, namun subjektiviti wartawan tetap wujud dalam menyusun berita-berita yang melibatkan negara. Subjektiviti itu terbentuk dalam semangat nasionalisme

Pembingkaian berita Pilihanraya Umum ke-13 Malaysia oleh Kompas dan Republika

Pilihanraya Umum ke 13 (PRU13) yang berlangsung di Malaysia pada 5 Mei 2013 lalu menjadi titik penting kepada perkembangan demokrasi sihat dalam negara ini. Pada masa yang sama, kejayaan parti Barisan Nasional (BN) mengekalkan tampuk pemerintahan telah banyak mendapat liputan media antarabangsa kerana menganggap PRU 13 kali ini sebagai sangat sengit dan mendebarkan. Maka, kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengetahui kandungan dan pembingkaian Pilihan Raya Umum Ke-13 Malaysia dalam akhbar Kompas dan Republika. Kajiannya cuba mengungkap kecondongan dan pembinaan bingkai berita kedua-dua akhbar Indonesia tersebut ke atas PRU Malaysia dengan mengguna pakai analisis kandungan kualitatif berpadukan model bingkai Gamson & Modigliani (1989). Hasilnya, Kompas dan Republika memandang PRU Malaysia sebagai peristiwa bagi kepentingan hubungan Indonesia dan Malaysia. Oleh itu, Kompas mahupun Republika menumpukan ruang cukup besar kepada PRU Malaysia melalui peletakan berita sebagai berita utama dan frekuensi berita yang berterusan sebelum dan sesudah hari pengundian. Kompas bahkan mengirim wartawannya ke Kuala Lumpur kerana PRU Malaysia sangat penting bagi Indonesia. Manakala pembingkaian berita, hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kedua-dua akhbar ini memihak kepada salah satu calon dan parti tertentu

Mediatization: A grand concept or contemporary approach?

Mediatization is a concept to encompass the changes brought by media into every aspect of our lives. It goes beyond the conventional textual analysis, production economic-politics and audiences’ studies. This paper therefore dissects the concept of mediatization and traces the researches done on it. Mediatization was also compared to mediation in terms of versatility in describing the totality of media impact.Mediatization researches need to be conducted in Asia's vibrant media landscape in its developed and developing countries.The researchers concluded that mediatization needs to be refined by further researches to be a contemporary media studies approach

Attempt to solving situational problem of alumni employability

The situational theory of publics (STP), one of the most popular public relations theories, provides a mechanism for the identification of publics and their communication behaviors.The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS), an extension of the STP, is a more general theory of communication that looks at antecedents of individuals’ communication and information behaviors in the process of problem solving.This conceptual paper reviews the application of STOPS to see the relevance of this theory in the context of organization (university) and publics (alumni) in solving the problem of employability. This study explores the essence and practice of public relations practitioners in The National University of Malaysia (UKM) in enhancing the reputation of the organization

Framing the diplomatic ties between Kazakhstan and Malaysia

This study aims at investigating the prevalence news frames in the reporting of Kazakhstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev’s official visit to Malaysia in April 2012. Both quantitative and qualitative content analysis are employed to explore the way Kazakhstani and Malaysian newspapers cover the event. In terms of quantitative analysis, the focus is on the five generic frames, namely, attribution of responsibility, human interest, conflict, morality and economic consequences. While the qualitative analysis is conducted to examine how’s the issue being defined, what are the possible causes of the problem identified, moral judgement made and the supply of remedies to the problem. A total of 134 units of analysis from two major Malaysian English newspapers and two major Kazakhstani newspapers, surrounding the period of the President’s two-day visit, were collected and content analysed. The results reveal that, although the occasion was mainly about boosting economic ties between Kazakhstan and Malaysia, responsibility frame was most highlighted, while economic consequences frame was placed in the last spot. Among the four newspapers, both The Star and New Strait Times were found to be significantly more interested than Sovereign Kazakhstan and Kazakhstani Truth in using the economic consequences frame. However, results of qualitative content analysis indicate that these four newspapers were sharing the same mind to portray their respective government as capable and determined in nation development

The repetition and competition of news reporting as mediator to frame setting

The rapid spread of information in the world makes news reporting on the current issues around people grows as well.Framing analysis is a theoretical approach that has been considered as one of the indicators used to analyze how people understand the situations.With the diversity of perception, framing analysis too has changed. The competition of news reporting from various types of media gives the audiences more options to choose the frame which is considered right and suitable for them. Similarly, the media also take the initiatives by reporting a repeated news and information in order to provide information and insight to the reader as well as to capture their attention.Therefore, this study opens a new stream of framing analysis on how these two mediators are functional and capable of giving effect to the news framing

STOPS: mengungkai isu kebolehpasaran graduan di Malaysia

Isu kebolehpasaran graduan mula dibangkitkan ekoran dari peningkatan kadar pengangguran di kalangan graduan tempatan kebelakangan ini. Masalah peningkatan kadar pengangguran di kalangan graduan di Malaysia tahun demi tahun bukan sahaja telah merugikan graduan, keluarga dan institusi pendidikan, malah ia boleh melumpuhkan ekonomi negara kerana modal insan ini tidak dapat diketengahkan dengan jayanya untuk membangunkan negara. Dengan mengambil pandangan daripada perspektif komunikasi, kajian ini diilhamkan untuk mengenal pasti cara graduan bertindak balas dengan masalah kebolehpasaran. Seramai 787 responden terdiri daripada graduan UKM tahun 2014 telah memberi maklum balas terhadap banci dalam talian yang dilakukan. Hujahan kepada Teori Situasi dalam Penyelesaian Masalah (STOPS) diuji untuk meneroka tindak balas graduan terhadap isu ini. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Model Persamaan Struktur (SEM). Lima hipotesis yang diuji telah disokong. Analisis mendapati bahawa pemboleh ubah antecedent situasi (pengenalpastian masalah, pengenalpastian kekangan dan pengenalpastian penglibatan) menjelaskan 65 peratus daripada keseluruhan sebab yang mungkin bagi graduan untuk mahu berhenti dan berfikir tentang cara untuk menyelesaikan masalah situasi yang berlaku itu. Selanjutnya, motivasi dalam situasi penyelesaian masalah dan kriteria rujukan pula menjelaskan 52 peratus daripada varians dalam Tingkah laku Komunikasi dalam Penyelesaian Masalah (CAPS). Perbincangan yang kritis mengenai penyelesaian masalah mampu memberi beberapa kesimpulan penting berkaitan perkara yang diperbincangkan. Pengamal perhubungan awam dan komunikasi sewajarnya mengembangkan pelbagai langkah penyelesaian kepada pihak organisasi supaya menggalakkan penggunaan kognitif dalam penyelesaian masalah. Hal ini penting dipraktikkan agar setiap aktiviti yang dilakukan memberi impak positif dan berkesan

Peranan perhubungan awam dalam segmentasi publik terhadap isu kebolehpasaran graduan

Kebolehpasaran seringkali dikaitkan dengan kejayaan graduan dalam mendapatkan pekerjaan. Setelah berhempas pulas menimba ilmu di universiti, pastinya pencapaian akademik yang diukur selama ini iaitu membolos kan diri dalam dunia pekerjaan menjadi teraju utama kejayaan seseorang graduan. Dengan mengambil pandangan daripada perspektif komunikasi, kajian ini diilhamkan untuk mengenalpasti cara graduan bertindak balas dengan masalah yang dialami. Kajian ini juga bertujuan memberikan pemahaman tentang fenomena sosial yang berkaitan dengan perkembangan tingkah laku graduan yang mana diklasifikasikan sebagai publik dan boleh disegmentasikan kepada empat jenis publik iaitu Bukan Publik, Publik Pendam, Publik Sedar dan Publik Aktif mengikut konteks perhubungan awam. Seramai 787 responden terdiri daripada graduan UKM tahun 2014 telah memberi maklum balas terhadap bancian dalam talian yang dilakukan. Hujahan kepada Teori Situasi dalam Penyelesaian Masalah (STOPS) diuji untuk meneroka tindak balas graduan terhadap isu ini. Analisis mendapati Publik Sedar (68%) dan publik pendam (22%) telah mendominasi dalam kalangan khalayak graduan yang ada. Dengan mengambil kira reaksi komunikatif boleh membantu dalam kempen yang bakal dilakukan oleh pihak organisasi iaitu UKM serta menyerlahkan publik yang sepadan melalui segmentasi yang telah dilakukan. Sebagai sebuah universiti yang cakna, penonjolan komitmen daripada organisasi dalam menyelesaikan masalah di harap dapat meningkatkan reputasi institusi sebagai sebuah universiti yang terunggul di mata dunia