Development of Gallium Silicon Titanium Alloys for Dental Implants

The aim of this study is to synthesize a new metallic aluminum and vanadium-free titanium alloy biomaterial for better osseointegration and implantation in the physiological system. The in vitro and in vivo methods were used to examine their biological compatibility, evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. Results of Ga-Si-Ti alloy showed a higher ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and a higher percentage of elongation and more or less equal to Young\u27s modulus when compared with the Ti and Ti-Ga alloy. In vivo study, a PA view of whole-body radiography all groups exhibited a substantial difference in the linear bone density of newly formed bone. Ga-Si-Ti group showed the highest bone mineral density than Ti and Ti-Ga group in the micro CT ex vivo study. The study exhibited a significant difference between the groups and the proportion of cortical bone volume to trabecular bone volume BV/TV in percentage. This is related to the anti-resorptive action of gallium and osteoblastic property of silicon, in addition to the benefits of commercial pure-Ti alloy

The assessment of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and oxidized glutathione in patients with periodontitis—A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Objective The present systematic review explored the involvement of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in periodontitis, drawing from established literature. Materials and Methods The research approach encompassed an extensive electronic search from 2000 to 2023 across databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library and cross‐referencing using specific keywords. Results The initial literature exploration generated a total of 766 articles. After thoroughly examining the abstracts, 693 articles were excluded from consideration due to duplication and lack of relevance to the central research inquiry. Following that, 73 articles were left for in‐depth evaluation. Following a qualitative assessment, 35 studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were chosen, while 38 were removed for not meeting the necessary standards. Within this selection, a meta‐analysis was conducted on 11 articles that provided consistent data for quantitative synthesis. Specifically, the analysis of glutathione (GSH) levels in serum samples revealed a standardized mean difference (SMD) of −5.552 µg/mL (CI 95%: −9.078 to −2.026; P‐0.002). In contrast, the analysis of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples displayed an overall SMD of 2.918 ng/µL (CI 95%: 0.372–5.465; P‐0.025), while salivary samples exhibited an overall SMD value of 0.709 U/l (95% CI: −1.907–3.325; P‐0.596) which is of insignificant. Conclusion The systematic review findings suggest a notable decrease in antioxidant enzymes across various systemic biological samples among patients with periodontitis, contrasting with the results from gingival tissue samples meta‐analysis of GPx enzyme

Molecular detection of blaNDM and blaOXA-48 genes in Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a tertiary care hospital

Background: The incidence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections is increasing globally. In India, around 65% of K. pneumoniae isolates are resistant to carbapenem antibiotics. The blaNDM is the predominant carbapenem-resistant gene in CRKP isolates. However, blaOXA-48 has also been reported to be increasing in recent days. Methods: K. pneumoniae strains isolated from the clinical specimens of patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad from June 2021 to May 2022 were included in this study. Resistance to carbapenems and other antibiotics was screened using Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Phenotypic tests such as the Carbapenemase Nordmann Poirel (CarbaNP) test, Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM), and EDTA Carbapenem Inactivation Method (eCIM) were used to detect the carbapenemase producers. The genes responsible for carbapenemase production were detected by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results: Out of 1265 K. pneumoniae strains isolated, 241 (19 %) isolates showed resistance to any one of the carbapenem antibiotics tested. Phenotypic tests such as CarbaNP, mCIM, and eCIM revealed that 94.6 %, 97.1 %, and 95.4 % of CRKP isolates were carbapenemase producers, respectively. About 66.4 % of CRKP isolates harbored blaNDM, 17.4 % harbored blaOXA-48, and 16.2 % harbored both blaNDM and OXA-48 genes. None of the isolates tested positive for blaKPC, blaVIM, and blaIMP genes. Conclusion: In this study, blaNDM is the most prevalent carbapenemase gene in CRKP isolates. Furthermore, blaOXA-48 and the co-existence of both blaNDM and blaOXA-48 genes were also found. CRKP is emerging as a serious threat among drug-resistant bacterial pathogens which would complicate the treatment of bacterial infections with available antibiotics

Evaluation of Heavy Metal Removal of Nanoparticles Based Adsorbent Using <i>Danio rerio</i> as Model

Nanoparticles are potential candidates for wastewater treatment especially for the removal of heavy metals due to their strong affinity. Many biopolymers are used as adsorbents and encapsulation of nanoparticle onto them can increase their efficiency. In this study, SPIONs, alginate, and SPIONs incorporated on alginate beads have been synthesized and characterized both microscopically and spectroscopically. These were then used for the removal of chromium metal and the percentage of removal was evaluated using a batch adsorption study. The percent removal of chromium using SPIONs, alginate and alginate–SPIONs beads were recorded to be 93%, 91% and 94%, respectively. The adsorption of chromium using SPIONs and alginate–SPIONs beads followed the Tempkin isotherm, whereas adsorption of chromium metal by alginate beads was found to be homogeneous in nature and followed the Langmuir isotherm with an R2 value of 0.9784. An in-vivo study using Danio rerio as a model organism was done to examine the toxicity and the removal efficiency of the samples. It was observed that chromium water treated with alginate–SPIONs beads, which were removed after water treatment showed less damage to the fishes when compared to SPIONs and alginate beads treated with chromium water where the SPIONs and alginate beads were not removed after the treatment period

A closed-form analytical model for predicting 3D boundary layer displacement thickness for the validation of viscous flow solvers

A closed-form analytical model is developed for estimating the 3D boundary-layer-displacement thickness of an internal flow system at the Sanal flow choking condition for adiabatic flows obeying the physics of compressible viscous fluids. At this unique condition the boundary-layer blockage induced fluid-throat choking and the adiabatic wall-friction persuaded flow choking occur at a single sonic-fluid-throat location. The beauty and novelty of this model is that without missing the flow physics we could predict the exact boundary-layer blockage of both 2D and 3D cases at the sonic-fluid-throat from the known values of the inlet Mach number, the adiabatic index of the gas and the inlet port diameter of the internal flow system. We found that the 3D blockage factor is 47.33 % lower than the 2D blockage factor with air as the working fluid. We concluded that the exact prediction of the boundary-layer-displacement thickness at the sonic-fluid-throat provides a means to correctly pinpoint the causes of errors of the viscous flow solvers. The methodology presented herein with state-of-the-art will play pivotal roles in future physical and biological sciences for a credible verification, calibration and validation of various viscous flow solvers for high-fidelity 2D/3D numerical simulations of real-world flows. Furthermore, our closed-form analytical model will be useful for the solid and hybrid rocket designers for the grain-port-geometry optimization of new generation single-stage-to-orbit dual-thrust-motors with the highest promising propellant loading density within the given envelope without manifestation of the Sanal flow choking leading to possible shock waves causing catastrophic failures. (C) 2018 Author(s)

Tuberculosis preventive treatment should be considered for all household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in India.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently changed its guidance for tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) recommending TPT for all pulmonary TB (PTB) exposed household contacts (HHC) to prevent incident TB disease (iTBD), regardless of TB infection (TBI) status. However, this recommendation was conditional as the strength of evidence was not strong. We assessed risk factors for iTBD in recently-exposed adult and pediatric Indian HHC, to determine which HHC subgroups might benefit most from TPT. We prospectively enrolled consenting HHC of adult PTB patients in Pune and Chennai, India. They underwent clinical, microbiologic and radiologic screening for TB disease (TBD) and TBI, at enrollment, 4-6, 12 and 24 months. TBI testing was performed by tuberculin skin test (TST) and Quantiferon®- Gold-in-Tube (QGIT) assay. HHC without baseline TBD were followed for development of iTBI and iTBD. Using mixed-effect Poisson regression, we assessed baseline characteristics including TBI status, and incident TBI (iTBI) using several TST and/or QGIT cut-offs, as potential risk factors for iTBD. Of 1051 HHC enrolled, 42 (4%) with baseline TBD and 12 (1%) with no baseline TBI test available, were excluded. Of the remaining 997 HHC, 707 (71%) had baseline TBI (TST #x2265; 5 mm or QGIT #x2265; 0.35 IU/ml). Overall, 20 HHC (2%) developed iTBD (12 cases/1000 person-years, 95%CI: 8-19). HIV infection (aIRR = 29.08, 95% CI: 2.38-355.77, p = 0.01) and undernutrition (aIRR = 6.16, 95% CI: 1.89-20.03, p = 0.003) were independently associated with iTBD. iTBD was not associated with age, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol, and baseline TBI, or iTBI, regardless of TST (#x2265; 5 mm, #x2265; 10 mm, #x2265; 6 mm increase) or QGIT (#x2265; 0.35 IU/ml, #x2265; 0.7 IU/ml) cut-offs. Given the high overall risk of iTBD among recently exposed HHCs, and the lack of association between TBI status and iTBD, our findings support the new WHO recommendation to offer TPT to all HHC of PTB patients residing in a high TB burden country such as India, and do not suggest any benefit of TBI testing at baseline or during follow-up to risk stratify recently-exposed HHC for TPT