EFFECT OF PAROXETINE IN ANXIETY DISORDER AMONG SCHOOL DROPOUT TEENAGER IN SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION

Objective: Anxiety disorders are the most common group of psychiatric illnesses in children. This study is to observe the effectiveness of Paroxetine in anxiety disorder among teenagers in South India population using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and to screen the possible risk for paroxetine in anxiety disorder among teenagers. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study that was conducted for a period of 6 mo. Of 84 teenage patients with anxiety disorder assessed using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were followed-up in an outpatient psychiatric ward. Study population includes both sexes, age group between 13 to 19 y, Teenage patient receiving paroxetine for anxiety disorder were included and patients unwilling to give written informed consent or assent form were excluded. Results: Out of 84 patients the prevalence of symptoms before the drug treatment, 65 patients were falling in very severe category, which was assessed by HAM-A scale. Then reassessed with drug Paroxetine at week 4 and week 8. There was a drastic reduction in the prevalence of symptoms in week 8 than compared to week 4. A significant reduction in body weight was also observed during the study period. Among various side effects, nausea was the prominent risk found during the study. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that paroxetine is effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of various types of anxiety disorder in teenagers with few side effects

Population distribution analyses reveal a hierarchy of molecular players underlying parallel endocytic pathways.

Single-cell-resolved measurements reveal heterogeneous distributions of clathrin-dependent (CD) and -independent (CLIC/GEEC: CG) endocytic activity in Drosophila cell populations. dsRNA-mediated knockdown of core versus peripheral endocytic machinery induces strong changes in the mean, or subtle changes in the shapes of these distributions, respectively. By quantifying these subtle shape changes for 27 single-cell features which report on endocytic activity and cell morphology, we organize 1072 Drosophila genes into a tree-like hierarchy. We find that tree nodes contain gene sets enriched in functional classes and protein complexes, providing a portrait of core and peripheral control of CD and CG endocytosis. For 470 genes we obtain additional features from separate assays and classify them into early- or late-acting genes of the endocytic pathways. Detailed analyses of specific genes at intermediate levels of the tree suggest that Vacuolar ATPase and lysosomal genes involved in vacuolar biogenesis play an evolutionarily conserved role in CG endocytosis

Current status of tolerance in kidney transplantation.

Purpose of reviewThe attainment of tolerance remains a highly desirable goal in recipients of kidney transplants. Achievement of this goal would extend graft survival and eradicate toxicities related to long-term immunosuppression. Understanding mechanisms of tolerance and strategies to induce tolerance - their risk/benefit profiles - is essential for future success.Recent findingsMechanistic studies of spontaneously tolerant kidney transplant recipients have uncovered potential roles for B or regulatory T cells, or both, in the maintenance of tolerance. Mixed hematopoietic chimerism has been the most commonly used approach to induce tolerance. Distinct protocols at three major transplant centers have led to successful withdrawal of immunosuppression in a subset of living donor kidney transplant recipients at the expense of complications such as infections and graft versus host disease. The addition of regulatory cell therapies to tolerance induction protocols could enhance success while minimizing complications.SummaryThis review summarizes the features of spontaneous tolerance in kidney transplant recipients, the results of clinical trials of tolerance induction in the context of living donor kidney transplant, and potential measures to improve the safety and efficacy of tolerance induction strategies

Distribution of the Grey Slender Loris (Loris lyddekerianus Cabrera, 1908) in Tamil Nadu, Southern India

The grey slender loris Loris lydekkerianus, one of only two nocturnal primates of India, is found in the southern part of the country. Our understanding of its geographical distribution is largely based on historical records and short surveys, and little is known of its occurrence in southern India today. We sought to establish the relative abundance of this species in 26 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Pondicherry in southern India. We sighted lorises in 19 districts, and their relative abundance ranged from 0.01 to 2.21/km. The south-central districts of Tamil Nadu showed the highest densities of lorises, while the western districts showed the lowest. Based on these results, we recommend increased protection measures for the forest patches of the Eastern Ghats mountains in order to ensure the long-term survival of the grey slender loris

Recurrent HIV-associated immune complex glomerulonephritis with lupus-like features after kidney transplantation.

A spectrum of kidney diseases besides classic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) exists in HIV-infected patients. Immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis has emerged as a significant contributor to the burden of kidney disease in this population, particularly in patients of non-African descent. Lupus-like nephritis, a form of immune complex glomerulonephritis with histologic features identical to lupus nephritis in the absence of clinical or serologic markers of lupus, is well recognized as a cause of end-stage renal disease in HIV-infected patients. None of the HIV-associated kidney lesions, whether classic HIVAN or non-HIVAN, has been reported to recur in kidney transplants. We report here for the first time clinical and histologic recurrence of HIV-associated lupus-like nephritis after successful kidney transplantation, causing proteinuria, hematuria, and impaired kidney transplant function

Adjuvant Ciprofloxacin for Persistent BK Polyomavirus Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background. BK virus (BKV) infection is a common complication following kidney transplantation. Immunosuppression reduction is the cornerstone of treatment while adjuvant drugs have been tried in small uncontrolled studies. We sought to examine our center’s experience with the use of ciprofloxacin in patients with persistent BKV infection. Methods. Retrospective evaluation of the effect of a 30-day ciprofloxacin course (250 mg twice daily) on BKV infection in kidney transplant recipients who had been diagnosed with BK viruria ≥106 copies/mL and viremia ≥500 copies/mL and in whom the infection did not resolve after immunosuppression reduction and/or treatment with other adjuvant agents. BKV in plasma and urine was evaluated after 3 months following treatment with ciprofloxacin. Results. Nine kidney transplant recipients received ciprofloxacin at a median of 130 days following the initial reduction in immunosuppression. Three patients showed complete viral clearance and another 3 had a ≥50% decrease in plasma viral load. No serious adverse events secondary to ciprofloxacin were reported and no grafts were lost due to BKV up to 1 year after treatment. Conclusion. Ciprofloxacin may be a useful therapy for persistent BKV infection despite conventional treatment. Randomized trials are required to evaluate the potential benefit of this adjuvant therapy

Correlation of BK Virus Neutralizing Serostatus with the Incidence of BK Viremia in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background: BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) is the second leading cause of graft loss in kidney transplant recipients. Due to the high prevalence of persistent infection with BK virus (BKV) in the general population, it is possible that either the transplant recipient or donor may act as the source of virus resulting in viruria and viremia. While several studies suggest a correlation between donor-recipient serostatus and the development of BK viremia, specific risk factors for BKV-related complications in the transplant setting remain to be established. Methods: We retrospectively determined the pre-transplant BKV neutralizing serostatus of 116 donor (D)-recipient (R) pairs using infectious BKV neutralization assays with representatives from the four major viral serotypes. The neutralizing serostatus of donors and recipients was then correlated with the incidence of BK viremia during the first year post-transplantation. Results: There were no significant differences in baseline demographics or transplant data among the four neutralizing serostatus groups, with the exception of calculated panel reactive antibody (cPRA) which was lowest in the D+/R- group. Recipients of kidneys from donors with significant serum neutralizing activity (D+) had elevated risk for BK viremia, regardless of recipient serostatus (D+ versus D-: OR 5.0 [CI 1.9-12.7]; P=0.0008). Furthermore, donor-recipient pairs with D+/R- neutralizing serostatus had the greatest risk for BK viremia (OR 4.9 [CI 1.7-14.6]; P=0.004)