Apalutamide: a better option for the treatment of non-metastatic castration resistant prostatic carcinoma

Prostate cancer is cancer of the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system. Most prostate cancers are slow growing; however, some grow relatively quickly. The cancer cells may spread from the prostate to other area of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes. Factors that increase the risk of prostate cancer include older age, a family history of the disease, and race. About 99% of cases occur in males over the age of 50. Clinical features include hematuria, dysuria (painful urination),nocturia(urination at night). Lower blood levels of vitami D may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer. Infection with the sexually transmitted diseases, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and prostatitis seem to increase risk of prostate cancer. Diagnosis can be confirmed by digital rectal examination (DRE) with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test, cystoscopy, transrectal ultrasonography and biopsy (The removal of small pieces of the prostate for microscopic examination). Medicines like 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (finasteride and dutasteride) reduce the overall risk of prostate cancer. Apalutamide, sold under the brand name Erleada, is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) medication which is used in the treatment of prostate cancer. It is specifically indicated for use in conjunction with castration in the treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (NM-CRPC). It is taken by mouth. Apalutamide was first described in 2007 and was approved for the treatment of prostate cancer in February 2018. Apalutamide is used in conjunction with castration, either via bilateral orchiectomy or gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH analogue) therapy, as a method of androgen deprivation therapy in the treatment of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (NM-CRPC)

A rare case of leiomyoma of uterus with cystic degeneration

Leiomyoma of the uterus is the most common tumor of the female pelvis. The size of leiomyomas varies from microscopic to giant. Giant myomas are exceedingly rare. Here, we present a case of a woman with uterine myoma that had undergone cystic degenerative changes, mimicking an ovarian malignancy. It provided a lot of diagnostic challenge as even ultrasonography and CT scan were not confirmatory. Finally laparotomy was done keeping everything ready for the management ovarian malignancy. On laparotomy the mass was found to be leiomyoma of uterus with cystic degeneration

On the chromoelectric permittivity and Debye screening in hot QCD

We study the response functions (chromo-electric susceptibilities) for an interacting quark-gluon plasma. The interaction effects have been encoded in the effective fugacities for quasi-partons which are extracted self-consistently from the two equations of state for hot QCD. The first one is the fully perturbative $O(g^5)$ EOS and, the second one which is $O(g^6\ln(1/g))$, incorporates some non-perturbative effects. We find that response function shows large deviations from the ideal behavior. We further determine the temperature dependence of the Debye mass by fixing the effective coupling constant $Q^2$ which appears in the transport equation. We show that our formalism naturally yields the leading order HTL expression for the Debye mass if we employ the ideal EOS. Employing the Debye mass, we estimate the dissociation temperatures for various charmonium and bottomonium bound states. These results are consistent with the current theoretical studies.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, v2:minor typo corrected, improved version of arXiv:0801.1286[Section I-IV included and modified]; To appear in Euro. Physical J.

Online Hospitality and Tourism Education - Issues and Challenges

The study attempts to understand students\u27 apprehensions, satisfaction, and experience concerning online hospitality and tourism education (HTE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Focused group discussions were conducted to gather student experiences implementing ICT in hospitality and tourism education. The group discussions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed in search of themes to identify and validate the constructs to develop the questionnaire for the study. The questionnaire was then presented before the subject experts to cross-check the validity of constructs. Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) was used to determine students\u27 satisfaction by comparing students\u27 perceptions to students\u27 expectations. The study\u27s findings show the importance of practical classes and labs and on-site instructor comments on students\u27 overall satisfaction. Online teaching can complement traditional classroom teaching but cannot fully replace lab sessions with instructor feedback. Transitioning to an online platform requires effective tools and curriculum modifications to fill the gap in industry expectations regarding student employability. Online teaching has immense capability, but it cannot be generalized and requires subject-specific attention and feedback. Online education needs to keep evolving alongside contemporary classroom teaching to meet student expectations. Future research would concentrate on communication, interpersonal, and technology skills and their effect on the study\u27s results

The comparative effects of Itopride and Levosulpiride orally used in patients suffering from Non-ulcer dyspepsia

Background: Itopride and Levosulpiride both comes under the group of Prokinetic drugs. These drugs are used for the treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia, heart burn, nausea and vomiting. Both drugs act on dopaminergic D2 receptor as antagonist and increases the concentration of acetylcholine so that gastric peristalsis will be increase and that time pressure at lower oesophageal sphincter will be increase thus gastric motility increases and there will be good gastro-duodenal co-ordination.Method: This study has to conduct on patients with complains of non-ulcer dyspepsia attended Medical outdoor and department of pharmacology of SKMCH Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India. The total 60 patients have to include in the study, which have to randomly divide in two groups. Group A (itopride) comprising of 30 patients and Group B (Levosulpiride) comprising of 30 patients. Patients have to randomly allocate to receive one tablet of itopride hydrochloride, 50 mg three times daily before meal and one tablet Levosulpiride of 75 mg three times daily before meal. Authors have to enroll the patients at the interval of two weeks and continue it upto 3 months.Results: Study did not found any remarkable change in biochemistry profile. Only QT prolongation changes were found in two patients, but no serious cardiac toxicity was observed with patient receiving Levosulpiride. Neither QT prolongation nor serious cardiac toxicity was observed with itopride hydrochloride therapy.Conclusions: In present study, efficacy of Itopride was comparable to Levosulpiride in relieving the symptoms of non-ulcer dyspepsia. Both the drugs were clinically and biochemically well tolerated. QT prolongation changes were found in two patients, but no serious cardiac toxicity was observed with patient receiving Levosulpiride. Itopride does not show cardiac toxicity and any changes in ECG

Invasive mole presenting as acute abdomen

We reporting this case as acute abdomen and admitted into the surgical ward. The patient was in shock due to hemoperitonium and emergency laparotomy done and found that it was a perforating molar pregnancy. Total hysterectomy done, five units blood transfusion done. β hCG levels regress quickly and spontaneously

Fostering quality teachers in teacher education in the context of internationalization: tasks ahead

Education being a process of strengthening human resources, its quality assumes special significance within the larger framework of personal, social and national development. The educational system of the 21st century must be oriented toward creating conditions that allow school students to act and learn freely in productive collaboration with their teachers, and also with their parents and other members of their community, local and global. Government of India's Ministry of Education in its report said “the most important factor in the contemplated educational reconstruction is the teacher, his personal qualities, educational qualifications, professional training and his place in school and community. Although, India is developing democratic country, to bring qualities in all aspects of teacher education in the light of internationalization, matter of serious concerned and needs immediate attention so that we may get such teachers who not only will possess world class knowledge but also right attitude to work and live with open mindedness