A Comparative study between who modified Partogram and paperless partogram in the Effective management of labour

BACKGROUND: The partogram was designed with the aim to provide at a glance a pictorial representation of labour, in order to sensitise obstetric care providers to deviations in the normal process and course of labour. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To compare WHO modified Partograph and Paperless Partogram in the effective management of labour on the basis of 1. Labour crossing the Alert Line/ Alert ETD, 2. Labour crossing the Action Line/ Action ETD, 3. Rate of caesarean section, 4. Perinatal outcome, 5. Maternal complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an observational study which was conducted among 200 singleton pregnant women delivering at Institute of Social Obstetrics Kasturba Gandhi Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Egmore. INCLUSION CRITERIA: • Any parturient irrespective of age and parity in established labour (1 contraction in 10 min or more frequently) with cephalic presentation, irrespective of whether the membranes are intact or ruptured. • Onset of labour has to be spontaneous (not induced) • The parturient must be atleast 4cm or more dilated at the point of inclusion. • Gestational maturity should be 37 completed weeks or more. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: • Induced labour, • Previous caesarean, • Multiple pregnancy, • Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, • Antepartum hemorrhage, • Presence of any severe complications. RESULTS: • Mean age is 24.09±3.85 and 25.23±3.82 respectively. • 64% primis and 57% primis were included in WHO and paperless partographs respectively. 36% multis in WHO and 43% multis in paperless group were included. • Mean gestational age in WHO and paperless was 38.13±1.02 and 37.87±1.07 respectively. All parameters were comparable in both the study groups. • Most of the subjects 61%and57% entered the study at 4cm dilatation in WHO and paperless respectively. • Alert ETD was crossed in 10% WHO group and 8% in paperless group. Action ETD was crossed in 3% WHO and 1% in paperless group. • In WHO partograph 66 women required more than 2 pervaginal examinations, and 4 of them even required 6PVs. In paperless partograph 87 required only 2 pervaginal examinations,none of them required more than 3PVs. • Oxytocin was used for augmentation in 39% of cases in WHO group, but only 16% cases required oxytocin in paperless group. Inspite of increased usage of oxytocin mean duration of active phase (234.87vs 215.79) was comparable in both the study groups. • 65% of subjects in paperless partograph had spontaneous vaginal delivery, where as in WHO partograph only 45% had spontaneous vaginal delivery, but the difference in the rate of instrumental delivery (3% and 4%) and csection (29% and 22%) were not statististically significant in both the study groups. • Admissions to NICU in both groups (28% and 24%) were similar in both groups

High aspect ratio transmission lines and filters

There are a significant number of microwave applications, where improvement of such qualities as manufacturing costs, size, weight, power consumption, etc. have attracted much research interest. In order to meet these requirements, new technologies can be actively involved in fabrication of microwave components with improved characteristics. One such fabrication technology is called LIGA (a German acronym with an English translation of lithography, electroforming, and moulding) that allows fabrication of high aspect ratio (tall) structures, and only recently is receiving growing attention in microwave component fabrication. The characteristics of high aspect ratio microstrip and coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines are investigated in this thesis. Very low impedance high aspect ratio CPW transmission lines can be realized. A high aspect ratio microstrip folded half wavelength open loop resonator is introduced. Effective configurations for external and bypass gap coupling with open loop resonators are given. Filters with transmission zeros in the stopband, consisting of high aspect ratio single mode open loop resonators are presented to demonstrate the advantages of high aspect ratio structures in realizing lower external quality factors or tight coupling. The transmission zeros are created by novel coupling routings. Some of the filters are fabricated and the filter responses are measured to validate high aspect ratio coupling structures. High aspect ratio diplexers with increased channel isolation are also designed by appropriately combining filters with transmission zeros. A wideband bandpass filter design method, based on the electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) concept is introduced in this thesis. The wideband filters are miniaturized as a result of using the EBG concept in design. An EBG based wideband filter consisting of unit cells that are realized by using high aspect ratio CPW stepped impedance resonators is also presented. The main advantage of this approach is that the high aspect ratio CPW structures make short unit cells practically realizable, resulting in compact filter structure

Master of Science

thesisThis research is intended to predict the viscoelastic behavior of oil sand mixes under low temperature conditions. The oil sand used in this project is a natural, unmodified material that was characterized to explore its unique attributes. A set of oil sand mixes was prepared in the lab with different oil sand content. Field prepared oil sand mixes with different content of oil sand were obtained and both the lab and field mixes were cut into thin beams. The stiffness and creep compliance values of the specimens were obtained through the BBR testing of samples at low temperatures of -18C, -12C and -24C. Time-temperature super position principle was applied in order to obtain a master creep stiffness curve for the oil sand mixtures. With the help of Laplace transformation, relaxation moduli for the mixtures were predicted. Based on the relaxation moduli and strain values, the thermal stresses of the oil sand mixtures were determined. After the thermal stress values were determined, the plots between temperature and stress were drawn. These plots provided the cracking temperatures for different percentages of oil sands in the mixes, which were used in the study. The key findings of this research are that the relaxation modulus of the oil sand mix increases with decrease in oil sand content and the critical cracking temperatures of the oil sand mixes are higher than that of the actual low pavement temperatures in Utah

Evaluation of safety, efficacy, acceptance and expulsion of post placental intrauterine contraceptive device in a tertiary care centre

Background: Postpartum intrauterine device provides an effective temporary method of contraception for the woman who needs birth spacing rather than birth limitation and also a quasi-permanent family planning method. The aim of this study was to study the efficacy, acceptance, safety and complication of PPIUCD insertion.Method: This a retrospective analytical study done in a tertiary care teaching institute, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Egmore for a six-year period from January 2010 to December 2015 with a sample size of 81204. Outcomes measured were safety, efficacy, acceptance (patients and professionals) and complications.Results: For the study period of six years the total number of women delivered were 81204. A steady increase was noted in the insertion of PPIUCD from 2010 (1.98%) to 2015 (58%). 50.5% had insertion following caesarean section and 49.5% following vaginal delivery. Primipara had a higher rate of acceptance amounting to 74.74%. Most common complication reported was missing strings 9.25% and a greater part of the patients (83%) did not have any complaints.Conclusions: Enthusiasm and conviction on the part of the health care provider goes a long way in improving the acceptance rate of PPIUCD. It is an indispensable contraceptive tool for our country since our women most often do not return for postnatal contraceptive options

Analisis Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Ditinjau dari Self Esteem Siswa

ABSTRAK Chandika Gustri, (2021): Analisis Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Ditinjau dari Self Esteem Siswa Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan kemampuan koneksi matematis ditinjau dari self esteem siswa pada materi bangun ruang sisi lengkung (tabung, bola, dan kerucut). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan desain penelitian studi kasus. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 9 orang siswa kelas IXB SMP N 3 Kampar Kiri Tengah yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik angket, tes dan wawancara yang dilakukan secara online. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket self esteem sebanyak 23 pernyataan, soal tes kemampuan koneksi matematis sebanyak 3 soal berbentuk uraian serta pedoman wawancara. Seluruh data kemudian dianalisis melalui 3 tahapan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian penelitian dan analisis data menyimpulkan bahwa self esteem siswa SMPN 3 Kampar Kiri Tengah berbeda-beda. Secara keseluruhan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa berada pada kategori sedang, dengan indikator kemampuan koneksi matematis tertiggi adalah indikator memahami hubungan antar topik matematika dan indikator terendah adalah menerapkan matematika dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Data hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan koneksi matematis dengan kategori self esteem tinggi sebanyak 15% dapat memenuhi semua indikator kemampuan koneksi matematis. Kemampuan koneksi matematis dengan tingkat self esteem sedang sebanyak 70% yang dapat memenuhi indikator kemampuan koneksi matematis. Kemampuan koneksi matematis dengan tingkat kemampuan self esteem rendah sebanyak 15% yang tidak dapat memenuhi semua indikator kempuan koneksi matematis. Kata Kunci: Analisis, Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis, Self Esteem, Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung(Tabung,kerucut, dan bola

PEMALI DALAM MASYARAKAT ETNIK JAWA DI KOTA SAMARINDA: SUATU TINJAUAN SEMIOTIKA

Penelitian ini membahas tentang interpretasi makna tanda pemali dalam masyarakat etnik Jawa yang berdomisili di Samarinda. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pemali apa yang diketahui serta dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat etnik Jawa dan makna tanda yang tekandung dalam pemali yang dilaksankan oleh masyarakat etnik Jawa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan serta menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif denga metode deskriptif. Data penelitian ini berupa pemali yang didapatkan melalui informan yang mengetahui tentang budaya pemali dan masih melaksanakannya. Selanjutnya, data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara, rekam, dan catat. Kemudian, dianalisis dengan teknik reduksi data, transkip data, dan penyajian data. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan makna tanda pada setiap pemali dengan menggunakan teori semiotika teori kebohongan (The Theory Of Lie) milik Umberto Eco yang dapat dilihat dari dan makna konotatif /metafora (tanda mengelabui atau membohongi) adalah bentuk akibat yang akan menjadi tanda pemaknaan tingkat dua dan makna denotatif atau makna nyata (sebenarnya) yang sesuai kamus adalah pemaknaan tingkat satu, sehingga dari pemali tersebut akan diketahui tanda mana yang mengelabui (konotatif) serta makna sebenarnya (denotatif) pada pemali masyarakat etnik Jawa. Dalam penelitian ini didapatkan 103 pemali yang diketahui dan 30 pemali yang dilaksanakan

MEMBANGUN SISTEM MONITORING RUANGAN MENGGUNAKAN CLOUD VPN BERBASIS OPENWRT

Perkembangan teknologi CCTV dapat membantu seorang pengguna dalam melakukan pengawasan dan pemantauan suatu ruangan. Namun, kekurangan dari CCTV adalah harga yang masih belum terjangkau oleh semua lapisan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu perlu dibangun sistem baru yang memiliki fitur sama dengan CCTV dengan harga yang lebih terjangkau. Sistem ini berupa perancangan dan implementasi webcam yang berfungsi mendeteksi suatu objek yang bergerak dan dapat mengirimkan notifikasi ke email berupa pesan gambar yang tertangkap oleh kamera, live stream, pengiriman video, dan monitoring jarak jauh menggunakan OpenVPN. Sistem ini menggunakan aplikasi Motion detection berbasis Linux yang terpasang dalam router. Kata Kunci: Motion detection, Webcam, OpenWRT, dan OpenVPN

Bush animal attacks: management of complex injuries in a resource-limited setting

Though animal-related injuries and fatalities have been documented throughout the world, the variety of attacks by wild animals native to rural East Africa are less commonly described. Given the proximity of our northwestern Tanzania hospital to Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, and the Serengeti National Park, and presentation of several patients attacked by bush animals and suffering a variety of complex injuries, we sought to report the pattern of attacks and surgical management in a resource-limited setting. Four patients who were admitted to the northwestern Tanzania tertiary referral hospital, Bugando Medical Centre (BMC), in 2010-2011 suffered attacks by different bush animals: hyena, elephant, crocodile, and vervet monkey. These patients were triaged as trauma patients in the Casualty Ward, then admitted for inpatient monitoring and treatment. Their outcomes were followed to discharge. The age and gender of the patients attacked was variable, though all but the pediatric patient were participating in food gathering or guarding activities in rural locations at the time of the attacks. All patients required surgical management of their injuries, which included debridement and closure of wounds, chest tube insertion, amputation, and external fixation of an extremity fracture. All patients survived and were discharged home. Though human injuries secondary to encounters with undomesticated animals such as cows, moose, and camel are reported, they often are indirect traumas resulting from road traffic collisions. Snake attacks are well documented and common. However, this series of unique bush animal attacks describes the initial and surgical management of human injuries in the resource-limited setting of the developing world. Animal attacks are common throughout the world, but their pattern may vary in Africa throughout jungle and bush environmental settings. It is important to understand the management of these attacks in resource-limited health care environment. Further, the growing population and human encroachment on previously wild habitats such as the northwestern Tanzania bush argues for increased community awareness to assist in prevention of human injuries by animals

Bowel Perforation Secondary to Illegally Induced Abortion: a Tertiary Hospital Experience in Tanzania.

Bowel perforation though rarely reported is a serious complication of induced abortion, which is often performed illegally by persons without any medical training in developing countries. A sudden increase in the number of patients in our centre in recent years prompted the authors to analyze this problem. The study was conducted to describe our own experiences in the surgical management of these patients. This was a retrospective study involving patients who were jointly managed by the surgical and gynecological teams at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) for bowel perforation secondary to illegally induced abortion from January 2002 to December 2011. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0. A total of 68 patients (representing 4.2% of cases) were enrolled in the study. Their ages ranged from 14 to 45 years with a median age of 21 years. Majority of patients were, secondary school students/leavers (70.6%), unmarried (88.2%), nulliparous (80.9%), unemployed (82.4%) and most of them were dependent member of the family. Previous history of contraceptive use was reported in only 14.7% of cases. The majority of patients (79.4%) had procured the abortion in the 2nd trimester. Dilatation and curettage (82.4%) was the most common reported method used in procuring abortion. The interval from termination of pregnancy to presentation in hospital ranged from 1 to 14 days (median 6 days ). The ileum (51.5%) and sigmoid colon (22.1%) was the most common portions of the bowel affected. Resection and anastomosis with uterine repair was the most common (86.8%) surgical procedure performed. Complication and mortality rates were 47.1% and 10.3% respectively. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, gestational age at termination of pregnancy, delayed presentation, delayed surgical treatment and presence of complications were significantly associated with mortality (P<0.001). The overall median length of hospital stay (LOS) was 18 days (1day to 128 days ). Patients who developed complications stayed longer in the hospital, and this was statistically significant (P=0.012). Bowel perforation following illegally induced abortion is still rampant in our environment and constitutes significantly to high maternal morbidity and mortality. Early recognition of the diagnosis, aggressive resuscitation and early institution of surgical management is of paramount importance if morbidity and mortality associated with bowel perforation are to be avoided

Choice and reality in career development : a tracer study of the class of 2002 Master of Education of the University of the Witwatersrand.

More and more people are attempting to increase their human capital by increasing their qualifications. Post-graduate studies, according to many, is the way forward as it will enhance one‟s personal and professional prospects. This research project is intended to make a contribution to the field of education by looking at how a Masters degree affects the life values (the meaning and status attached to one‟s life) and prospects of individuals taking up post-graduate studies. It uses the tracer study methodology to create an impact in determining how the WITS Masters Programme has affected the post-graduate student in terms of life values. It specifically targets the Masters in Education degree at the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS) by tracing the lives of six graduates from the year 2002. The research is a qualitative tracer study that aims at establishing a relationship between what is studied and the effects this has on the lives of the graduate