Saliva continine levels of babies and mothers living with smoking fathers under different housing types in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study

Paper Session 15 - The Challenge of Second-Hand Smoke: PA15-3BACKGROUND: After the Smoking Ordinance enacted in HK since 1/2007, shifting of smoking from outdoor to home was found, home becomes a major source of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure of nonsmokers. OBJECTIVES: It aimed to assess the SHS exposure of babies and mothers living with smoking fathers of two housing types by using a biomarker. METHODS: Trios of smoking father, non-smoking mother and a baby under 18-months were recruited from Maternal and Child Health Centres (MCHCs) from 6/2008 to 10/2009. Consented couples completed the baseline survey including demographic data, fathers’ household smoking behaviors and mothers’ actions in protecting babies from household SHS exposure. Saliva samples from baby and mother were collected and then sent to the National University of Singapore for cotinine analyses. Log-transformations were used for the saliva cotinine due to skewed data. There were 2 housing types (public/private) and father was asked if they smoked at home (yes/no). MANOVA was used to compare the babies’ and mothers’ cotinine levels when fathers smoked at home under the 2 housing types. RESULTS: 1,158 trios were consented. 1,142 mothers’ and 1,058 babies’ samples were assayed. The mean age of the fathers and mothers was 35.5(±7.0) and 31.2(±4.9). The mean mothers’ cotinine level was 12.15ng/ml (±61.20) while babies’ was 2.38ng/ml (±6.01). 606 and 501 trios were living in public and private housing. Fathers’ smoked at home led to higher mothers’ and babies’ saliva cotininary (mean log of mothers’ cotininary: 0.14±0.62 vs. 0.05±0.55, p=0.06; babies: 0.16±0.38 vs. 0.07±0.34, p=0.003). Housing types influenced babies’ cotinine level (public: 0.17±0.37; private: 0.10±0.36, p=0.01). MANOVA showed that fathers smoked at home (Λ=0.99, p=0.01) and housing types (Λ=0.99, p=0.01) were positively related to the saliva cotinine levels. CONCLUSIONS: Father smoked at home and the housing types have greater impact on babies’ saliva cotininary, showing that they were highly exposed at home and in public housing environment. HK government should promote smoke-free homes and to provide more smoking cessation services to minimize the household SHS exposure to babiespublished_or_final_versio

Smoking cessation telephone counseling for youth: effective regardless of recruitment methods?

Poster Discussion 64. De-norrmalising Tobacco for Women and Children: no. PD-1351-21Conference Theme: Tobacco and Non-Communicable DiseasesBACKGROUND: Proactive telephone counseling appears effective for smoking cessation in youth and passive recruitment rate has been decreasing. New recruitment methods should be adopted; however, whether effectiveness of counseling is differentiated by recruitment methods remains unclear. This study compared quitting, adherence to services, service satisfaction, and baseline characteristics among youth smokers recruited from different sources. DESIGN/METHODS: 146 (32%) youth smokers who called the Youth Quitline of the Schools of Nursing and Public Health of The University of Hong Kong, 210 (45%) who were recruited proactively from outreach and 107 (23%) …published_or_final_versio

When will youth smokers make a quit attempt and resume smoking after receiving telephone counseling? A longitudinal study

Paper Session 10 - Adolescent Smoking Cessation: PA10-1OBJECTIVE: To examine the pattern of youth smokers who received telephone smoking cessation intervention and who would initiate a quit attempt and subsequently resume smoking. METHODS: We collected data from a toll-free smoking cessation hotline “Youth Quitline” in Hong Kong from September 2005 to December 2007. The Youth Quitline is a peer-led hotline with multiple telephone counseling sessions at baseline, 1-week and 1-month and successive telephone follow-ups at 3- and 6-months, to help youth smokers aged 12 – 25 quit smoking. We applied non-parametric Kaplan-Meier method to explore the time trend prior to initiating a quit attempt as well as smoking resumption. RESULTS: The study included 408 youth callers, and 282 started quitting within the follow-up period. About 30% of the youth smokers (95%CI = 26 ￢– 35%) would initiate a quit attempt within 7 days after receiving the baseline telephone intervention. For the 282 callers who quit within the follow-up period, two-thirds (67%, 95%CI = 44 – 56%) resumed smoking within the first 7 days after their quit attempt. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study using survival analysis techniques to evaluate how soon youth smokers initiate their quit attempts and resume smoking, after receiving telephone counseling. Youth smokers who intend to quit initiate a quit attempt shortly after receiving the telephone intervention. Smoking cessation counselors should provide subsequent follow-ups promptly after the baseline intervention to capitalize on the quitting intentions of the smokers.postprintThe 16th Annual Meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT 2010), Baltimore, MD., 24-27 February 2010. In Proceedings of the SRNT, 2010, p. 2

Electronic cigarette use was not associated with quitting of conventional cigarettes in youth smokers

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Nurses' tobacco-related knowledge, attitudes, and practice in four major cities in China: Clinical scholarship

Purpose: To (a) identify Chinese nurses' tobacco-related knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP), including perception of competency in smoking-cessation interventions; (b) identify barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation interventions to patients; and (c) assess the learning needs and smoking status of nurses. Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four major cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chongqing) in China from November to December 2003. Methods: 2,888 registered nurses working in hospitals affiliated with five university schools of nursing in these cities were invited to complete a questionnaire. An instrument used to assess tobacco-related KAP in Hong Kong was translated into Chinese and pilot tested to ensure reliability and validity. Findings: 2,179 questionnaires were returned and after exclusion of the grossly incomplete questionnaires, 1,690 were included in the present analysis. Only 2% of participants were current and 1% were former smokers; most had not received training for smoking-cessation interventions as part of their nursing education program. Two-thirds recognized smoking as a leading cause of preventable death and that smoking cessation was the most cost effective intervention, but only a third routinely assisted patients' quit attempts. Nurses who received training reported greater competence in providing smoking-cessation intervention, and more frequent practice of cessation interventions. Conclusions: Chinese nurses had some knowledge about the health effects of tobacco use, but seldom practiced smoking-cessation interventions. Those who had prior training had greater competence and more practice. Including tobacco control, especially smoking cessation, in nursing curricula in China has the potential to save millions of lives. © 2007 Sigma Theta Tau International.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Helping Chinese fathers quit smoking through educating their nonsmoking spouses: A randomized controlled trial

Purpose. Assess the effectiveness of a two-step health education program by nurses delivered through nonsmoking mothers to help fathers of sick children quit smoking. Design. Randomized, controlled trial. Setting. General pediatric wards of four major hospitals in Hong Kong. Subjects. Nonsmoking mothers who had a live-in smoking spouse were recruited when they brought sick children to the hospital. A total of 752 mothers were randomized into the intervention arm and 731 into the control arm. Intervention. The intervention group received standardized health advice, behavior modification booklets, and a 1-week telephone reminder. The control group received usual care. Measurements. The main outcome measure was the quit rate (7-day point prevalence) of smoking fathers as determined by telephone follow-up with mothers at 3 and 12 months. Quit attempts and smoking reduction were secondary outcome measures. Results. At 3 months, more fathers in the intervention group had quit smoking (7.4% vs. 4.8%; p = .03), reduced daily cigarette consumption by 50% or more (30.6% vs. 22.6 %; p < .001), and reported quit attempts (6.5% vs. 3.6%; p = .01). The differences were not statistically significant by 12 months. Conclusion. A simple health education intervention provided by nurses to mothers of sick children has a short-term effect in helping smoking fathers quit, reduce consumption, and trigger quit attempts. Future studies should confirm the longer-term sustainability of the effect. Copyright © 2008 by American Journal of Health Promotion, Inc.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

The impact of the smoke-free legislation on smokers' motivation and confidence to quit smoking: A comparison of two sampels in Hong Kong

SRNT, Poster Session 1, abstract no. POS1-55Background: The Hong Kong Government implemented a comprehensive smokefree legislation on 1 January 2007, which restricts smoking in indoor workplaces, restaurants, karaokes, public places/park, beaches, and school (both indoor and outdoor). This study aims to examine the perceived self-efficacy to quit smoking of smokers from two study samples after the smoke-free legislation. Method: Two cross-sectional samples were recruited. The first sample was Chinese youth smokers, aged 12-25, who called the Youth Quitline and received smoking cessation counseling. The second sample was Chinese smoking fathers living with non-smoking mother and a child aged ≤12 years old. We conducted a telephone survey in the two samples, consisted of 4 items on perceived impact of the legislation on self-efficacy to quit smoking and compared the proportions of smoking participants in the two studies by chi-square tests. Results: A total of 288 youth smokers and 608 smoking fathers completed the questionnaires. 75% of the youth smokers were male, 67% were students, a mean age of 17 years, and 62% had mild nicotine dependency. The smoking fathers’ mean age was 39.3 years, 75.1% had secondary education, 95.4% were currently employed, and 62% had mild nicotine dependency. In both samples, about one-third had increased in their motivation to quit smoking (youths vs. fathers) (37% vs. 26%), perceived importance in successful quitting (32% vs. 25%), confidence in quitting (28% vs. 18%); and fewer had perceived difficulty in quitting (11% vs. 6%). While the majority (>60%) remained no change, significant differences were observed in all the 4 variables between the two samples after the legislation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although majority of the smoking fathers and youth smokers had little/no change after the legislation, more subjects reported an increase in motivation and confidence to quitting, suggesting the need for more effort from the government to promote smoking cessation. More youth smokers than smoking fathers showed positive changes indicating youth smokers are sensitive to the enactment of the legislation and changes in the overall environment, compared to adult smokers

Provisional anterior tooth replacement using nonimpregnated fiber and fiber-reinforced composite resin materials: A clinical report

The loss of anterior teeth is often a serious esthetic concern. While conventional fixed partial dentures and implant-supported restorations may be the treatments of choice, nonimpregnated fibers (NFs) and fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) resins offer a conservative alternative for improving esthetics. This article describes 2 clinical situations in which NF glass ribbon and FRC were successfully used to provisionally restore anterior edentulous areas in an esthetic, functional, and timely manner.95534434

Building an integrated model of tobacco control education in the nursing curriculum: Findings of a students' survey

This study examined the outcome of a 2-hour introductory lecture on tobacco and health in improving the knowledge and attitudes of nursing students toward smoking and tobacco control. A group of 78 first-year undergraduate nursing students of a major university in Hong Kong were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire before and after the lecture. The findings indicated a significant improvement in knowledge of and attitudes about tobacco control. The study suggests that education about smoking and tobacco control should be introduced into the nursing curriculum at an early stage so appropriate knowledge, attitudes, and skills can be subsequently strengthened to prepare students to lead an effective role in delivering tobacco control nursing interventions. Finally, a model of integrating tobacco control content in the undergraduate nursing curriculum was recommended.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Stage transitions of smoking cessation among Chinese youth who called the Youth Quitline in Hong Kong

Poster Presentation: Theme 2 - Public Health no. 2.22The 12th Postgraduate Research Symposium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 12 & 14 December 2007