La fusariose vasculaire du palmier dattier (Bayoud): méthodes de lutte

Comunicación presentada en la Jornada Multidisciplinar sobre las Bases Ecológicas y Culturales del Oasis de Figuig (Marruecos), Oujda, Marruecos, 24 de febrero de 2012Proyecto de Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo AP/301-34-2010 de AECID

Evaluation of the Mycorrhizal Potential of Date Palm (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L.) Rhizosphere Soils in the Figuig Oasis (Southeastern Morocco)

Date palm, an important crop in Morocco and many other arid regions around the world, faces significant challenges from wind, water shortages, and salinization, which contribute to vegetation loss and soil degradation in the harsh environmental conditions of oasis ecosystems with low soil fertility. Protecting and regenerating these degraded lands is crucial for sustainable agriculture and improving the dryland ecosystem. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) comprise a vital element in this dynamic within the microflora of the soil rhizosphere. This study evaluated the potential in mycorrhizal soil and identified AMF in date palm rhizospheres in eight locations within the Figuig oasis (southeastern Morocco). This study found that Extension and Zenaga had more mycorrhizal propagules than other locations. Replanted maize (Zea mays L.) in these soils exhibited higher mycorrhization rates (91–93%) compared to that in other locations, with the Lamaiz site registering the lowest rate (39%). The phosphorus content was negatively correlated with the AMF spore frequency, intensity, and density, while a positive correlation was detected between the soil pH and the AMF spore frequency and density. The morphological identification of spores revealed Glomus as the predominant species, along with Acaulospora and Sclerocystis. This study represents an initial step toward the potential application of these fungi in environmental conservation and sustainable agriculture in arid regions

Evaluation of the Mycorrhizal Potential of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Rhizosphere Soils in the Figuig Oasis (Southeastern Morocco)

Date palm, an important crop in Morocco and many other arid regions around the world, faces significant challenges from wind, water shortages, and salinization, which contribute to vegetation loss and soil degradation in the harsh environmental conditions of oasis ecosystems with low soil fertility. Protecting and regenerating these degraded lands is crucial for sustainable agriculture and improving the dryland ecosystem. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) comprise a vital element in this dynamic within the microflora of the soil rhizosphere. This study evaluated the potential in mycorrhizal soil and identified AMF in date palm rhizospheres in eight locations within the Figuig oasis (southeastern Morocco). This study found that Extension and Zenaga had more mycorrhizal propagules than other locations. Replanted maize (Zea mays L.) in these soils exhibited higher mycorrhization rates (91–93%) compared to that in other locations, with the Lamaiz site registering the lowest rate (39%). The phosphorus content was negatively correlated with the AMF spore frequency, intensity, and density, while a positive correlation was detected between the soil pH and the AMF spore frequency and density. The morphological identification of spores revealed Glomus as the predominant species, along with Acaulospora and Sclerocystis. This study represents an initial step toward the potential application of these fungi in environmental conservation and sustainable agriculture in arid regions.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Corresponding Author Effect of Nitrogen Sources on the Composting of Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera) By-products Infected by Fusarium Oxysporum f.sp. Albedinis

ABSTRACT The by-products of palm date (Phoenix dactylifera) contaminated by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis (Fusarium) were composted with different rates of bovine manure, urea or ammonium nitrogen. Water was added to maintain optimum humidity at 60-70%. During the process of composting and whatever the ratio of the manure or nitrogen in the piles, the pH remained stable and relatively alkaline at values ranging from 8.2 to 8.7. By contrast, electrical conductivity decreased from 25 to 30%. The evolution of the internal temperatures in the piles depended on the volume of the manure added to the mixture, but was characterized by a mesophilic phase showing a fast increase in temperature, then a thermophilic phase, with high temperatures ranging from 50 to 70°C in the piles rich in bovine manure. However, internal temperatures remained unchanged in urea-or ammonium-containing piles. In the piles containing bovine manure, Fusarium was completely eliminated during the thermophilic phase. The rate of its destruction depended on the ratio of the manure introduced into the piles. Indeed, when the ratio increased, the elimination of Fusarium is fast. In the presence of ammonium nitrogen, proliferation of pathogenic agent increase to 62%. Experiments on rachis pieces of the palms infected by Fusarium, show that their incubation for 6h at 70°C or for 12h at 60°C destroy completely the pathogenic fungus. The C/N ratio of the date palm by-products is very high (115.4), owing to the fact that they are very rich in organic matter (90%) and very low in nitrogen (0.39%). The addition of bovine manure brought C/N ratios in the piles to values ranging from 35 to 60. During the composting process, this ratio decrease constantly from 35 to 46% of its initial value after 75 days of incubation. On the contrary, in the piles containing urea and ammonium nitrogen, C/N ratio increase by 87 and 60%, respectively