Hispanic Population and Its Economic Impacts

The purpose of this study is to quantify the monetary impact of the expenditures of the Hispanic households and their guests and visitors on the local economy. This study applied input-output procedures and estimated output, income, and employment impacts of the Hispanic expenditure on the local economy of the Emporia area, Kansas. The Emporia area is defined in this study as a seven-county region consisting of Chase, Coffey, Greenwood, Lyon, Morris, Osage, and Wabaunsee counties and together they constitute 27 percent of the Hispanic population in the area. The multiplier impact of $38 million direct expenditure by the local Hispanic community is impressive. These expenditures generate an additional$56 million spent locally on consumption of goods and services and $13.5 million in household earnings. Consumer spending also creates 630 additional jobs which are shared by both the Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations. For every dollar of direct expenditure by the Hispanic population, there is an additional$1.52 of output and $0.36 of household earnings in the local economy. For every Hispanic employment there is an additional 0.18 employment generated in the local economy. The study found that the presence of a vibrant Hispanic population is becoming an ever increasing economic factor in the Emporia area. With the current Hispanic population growth rate in the U.S. and anticipated new immigrants, this impact will only continue to increase and would become more prominent in the region’s overall economic prosperity

Divisibility of Selmer groups and class groups

In this paper, we study two topics. One is the divisibility problem of class groups of quadratic number fields and its connections to algebraic geometry. The other is the construction of Selmer group and Tate-Shafarevich group for an abelian variety defined over a number field.Comment: 21 pages, to appear in Hardy-Ramanujan Journal, comments are welcome, section 2 and 3 in this paper contain a survey of previously submitted preprints arXiv:1906.08233 and arXiv:1903.0421