Supplementary Material for: A case of Nocardia africana-related keratitis

Nocardia spp. is gram positive, aerobic, weakly acid-fast bacteria. Nocardia spp. keratitis is a rare ocular infection classically described following corneal injury or vegetative and soil exposure. However, keratitis caused by Nocardia africana had never been reported in the literature. We first reported a 70-year-old male who had a traumatic ocular injury to his left eye a month ago. With his complaint of left eye pain, reduced vision, and light sensitivity; the slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed the superficial multi-lobulated epithelial infiltration located at inferior cornea with positive fluorescein stain. Microscopic work up from corneal specimens demonstrated dry and chalky white colonies on blood agar and Lowenstein-Jensen media resembling Nocardia spp. The MALDI-TOF MS analyses using VITEK® MS exhibited Nocardia africana. The corneal lesion was treated with 2% amikacin topical eye drops and responded well. The careful history taking, precise clinical examinations and meticulous microscopic assessment were the cornerstone of diagnosis. Definite diagnosis and timely treatment were essential to prevention of ocular morbidity in Nocardia africana

Reproducibility and normal values of static pupil diameters

Purpose - To provide additional information on normal values of static pupil diameter measurements for binocular infrared pupillometry with PupilX, a commercial pupillometer, and assess the reproducibility of this device's measurements. Methods - The pupil diameters from 91 study participants with normal eyes with an average age of 39.7 years (SD 16.4 years) were measured with PupilX under scotopic (0 lx), mesopic (1 lx), and photopic (16 lx) illumination. To assess the repeatability of the device, each measurement was repeated 5 times. Results - The mean pupil diameters were 6.5 mm (SD 1.3 mm), 5.5 mm (SD 1.2 mm), and 4.03 mm (SD 0.9 mm) under scotopic, mesopic, and photopic illumination. Left and right eyes showed no difference in mean pupil diameters. The mean unsigned anisocoria was 0.26 mm (SD 0.32 mm) under scotopic, 0.26 mm (SD 0.27 mm) under mesopic, and 0.19 mm (SD 0.19 mm) under photopic illumination. The decrease in pupil diameter with age was largest for scotopic (≈0.057 mm/y) and smallest for photopic illumination (≈0.025 mm/y). The repeatability of the pupillometer was better than 0.2 mm. Conclusion - This study provides reference values for age- and light-related pupil diameters measured with the PupilX digital pupillometer in normal subjects