Computing in medicine: a role-play supports diagnosis and assessment of diseases in patients

Computing is a principle of leading data visualisation, translation and findings of new information. In medicine, understanding and reading medical images are crucial to analyse and assess medical data before making a decision and treatment for patients. Computational modelling, simulation and technology enable to form the digital medicine and gain new knowledge to develop non-invasive techniques for diagnosis and assessment of diseases in patients. This talk covers the current state of the art non-invasive imaging approaches and predicts the trends of computing and machine learning in medicine and healthcare

Interannual variability in the summer dissolved organic matter inventory of the North Sea: Implications for the continental shelf pump

We present the distribution and C:N stoichiometry of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the North Sea in two summers (August 2011 and August 2012), with supporting data from the intervening winter (January 2012). These data demonstrate local variability superimposed on a general pattern of decreasing DOM with increasing distance from land, suggesting concentrations of DOM are controlled on large spatial scales by mixing between the open North Atlantic and either riverine sources or high DOM productivity in nearshore coastal waters driven by riverine nutrient discharge. Given the large size and long residence time of water in the North Sea, we find concentrations are commonly modified from simple conservative mixing between two endmembers. We observe differences in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations and land-ocean gradients between the two summers, leading to an estimated 10-20Tg difference in the DOC inventory between the two years, which is of the same order of magnitude as the annual uptake of atmospheric CO 2 by the North Sea system, and thus significant for the carbon budget of the North Sea. This difference is not consistent with additional terrestrial loading and is more likely to be due to balancing of mixing and in situ production and loss processes across the North Sea. Differences were particularly pronounced in the bottom layer of the seasonally stratifying northern North Sea, with higher DOC and C:N ratio in 2011 than in 2012. Using other data, we consider the extent to which these differences in the concentrations and C:N ratio of DOM could be due to changes in the biogeochemistry or physical circulation in the two years, or a combination of both. The evidence we have is consistent with a flushing event in winter 2011/12 exchanging DOM-rich, high C:N shelf waters, which may have accumulated over more than 1 year, with deep North Atlantic waters with lower DOC and marginally higher DON. We discuss the implications of these observations for the shelf sea carbon pump and the export of carbon-rich organic matter off the shelf and hypothesise that intermittent flushing of temperate shelf systems may be a key mechanism in the maintenance of the continental shelf pump, via the accumulation and subsequent export of carbon-rich DOM

Maritime Computing Transportation, Environment, and Development: Trends of Data Visualization and Computational Methodologies

This research aims to characterize the field of maritime computing (MC) transportation, environment, and development. It is the first report to discover how MC domain configurations support management technologies. An aspect of this research is the creation of drivers of ocean-based businesses. Systematic search and meta-analysis are employed to classify and define the MC domain. MC developments were first identified in the 1990s, representing maritime development for designing sailboats, submarines, and ship hydrodynamics. The maritime environment is simulated to predict emission reductions, coastal waste particles, renewable energy, and engineer robots to observe the ocean ecosystem. Maritime transportation focuses on optimizing ship speed, maneuvering ships, and using liquefied natural gas and submarine pipelines. Data trends with machine learning can be obtained by collecting a big data of similar computational results for implementing artificial intelligence strategies. Research findings show that modeling is an essential skill set in the 21st century

Viscosity Approximation Method for System of Variational Inclusions Problems and Fixed-Point Problems of a Countable Family of Nonexpansive Mappings

We propose new iterative schemes for finding the common element of the set of common fixed points of countable family of nonexpansive mappings, the set of solutions of the variational inequality problem for relaxed cocoercive and Lipschitz continuous, the set of solutions of system of variational inclusions problem, and the set of solutions of equilibrium problems in a real Hilbert space by using the viscosity approximation method. We prove strong convergence theorem under some parameters. The results in this paper unify and generalize some well-known results in the literature

Computational fluid dynamic analysis of calcified coronary plaques: Correlation between hemodynamic changes and cardiac image analysis based on left coronary bifurcation angle and lumen assessments

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between left coronary bifurcation angle and significant coronary stenosis with use of coronary CT angiography (CCTA)-generated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis when compared to the CCTA analysis of coronary lumen stenosis with invasive coronary angiography (ICA) as the reference method. Eleven patients with calcified plaques at the left coronary artery tree who underwent CCTA and ICA examinations were included in the study. CFD simulation of left coronary models was performed to analyse hemodynamic changes including wall shear stress, wall pressure and flow velocity. The mean bifurcation angle was measured 83.3 ± 17.1° and 83.3 ± 17.0° on CCTA and ICA, respectively, with no significant difference (p=0.99). Of 15 significant stenosis at left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCx) on CCTA, only 3 of them were confirmed to be > 50% stenosis on ICA. Wall shear stress was noted to increase in the LAD and LCx models with significant stenosis and wider angulation (> 80°), but remained no change in most of the other coronary models with no significant stenosis and narrower angulation. Wall pressured was decreased at the significant stenotic lesions, while flow velocity was increased with flow turbulence at the post-stenotic sites. This study further clarifies the direct correlation between left coronary bifurcation angle and significant stenosis, with angulation measurement being more accurate than lumen assessment for diagnosing significant stenosis

An investigation of correlation between left coronary bifurcation angle and hemodynamic changes in coronary stenosis by coronary computed tomography angiography-derived computational fluid dynamics

Background: To investigate the correlation between left coronary bifurcation angle and coronary stenosis as assessed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)-generated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis when compared to the CCTA analysis of coronary lumen stenosis and plaque lesion length with invasive coronary angiography (ICA) as the reference method. Methods: Thirty patients (22 males, mean age: 59±6.9 years) with calcified plaques at the left coronary artery were included in the study with all patients undergoing CCTA and ICA examinations. CFD simulation was performed to analyze hemodynamic changes to the left coronary artery models in terms of wall shear stress, wall pressure and flow velocity, with findings correlated to the coronary stenosis and degree of bifurcation angle. Calcified plaque length was measured in the left coronary artery with diagnostic value compared to that from coronary lumen and bifurcation angle assessments. Results: Of 26 significant stenosis at left anterior descending (LAD) and 13 at left circumflex (LCx) on CCTA, only 14 and 5 of them were confirmed to be >50% stenosis at LAD and LCx respectively on ICA, resulting in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%, 52%, 49% and 100%. The mean plaque length was measured 5.3±3.6 and 4.4±1.9 mm at LAD and LCx, respectively, with diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV being 92.8%, 46.7%, 61.9% and 87.5% for extensively calcified plaques. The mean bifurcation angle was measured 83.9±13.6º and 83.8±13.3º on CCTA and ICA, respectively, with no significant difference (P=0.98). The corresponding sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 100%, 78.6%, 84.2% and 100% based on bifurcation angle measurement on CCTA, 100%, 73.3%, 78.9% and 100% based on bifurcation angle measurements on ICA, respectively. Wall shear stress was noted to increase in the LAD and LCx models with significant stenosis and wider angulation (>80º), but demonstrated little or no change in most of the coronary models with no significant stenosis and narrower angulation (<80º). Conclusions: This study further clarifies the relationship between left coronary bifurcation angle and significant stenosis, with angulation measurement serving as a more accurate approach than coronary lumen assessment or plaque lesion length for determining significant coronary stenosis. Left coronary bifurcation angle is suggested to be incorporated into coronary artery disease (CAD) assessment when diagnosing significant CAD

How are psychological capital and emotion regulation associated with schoolteachers’ burnout? A systematic review

Teachers are one of the professions that suffer from burnout, which has negative effects not only on teachers but also on their students. This systematic review aimed to examine the relationships between psychological capital, emotion regulation, and burnout among schoolteachers. The review was based on electronic databases including SCOPUS, PubMed, and ERIC and included 10 original articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings showed that higher levels of psychological capital and emotion regulation were negatively associated with burnout and its dimensions. Additionally, cognitive reappraisal was found to have a negative effect on burnout, while expressive suppression was positively associated with burnout. This systematic review could be useful in developing interventions and guidelines to improve psychological capital and emotion regulation, and prevent burnout in schoolteachers, leading to better well-being