Desigualdad e informalidad en América Latina: el caso de Brasil

En este artículo se presenta el estudio de la relación entre la evolución de la desigualdad y la de la informalidad laboral durante la década del 2000 en Brasil. Aunque la meta primordial del trabajo es dilucidar la contribución del proceso de formalización experimentado durante toda la década, esta se debe analizar junto con otros factores relacionados. Para realizar este análisis y establecer la contribución de cada factor se presenta una serie de ejercicios de descomposiciones econométricas a partir de microdatos de las encuestas de hogares. Los ejercicios de descomposición considerados se basan en la combinación de técnicas de reponderación junto con estimaciones de modelos de función de influencia recentrada (expresión que en inglés se traduce como recentered influence function y se conoce por la sigla RIF). Se encuentra que el proceso de formalización considerado en forma aislada tuvo una incidencia igualadora mediante el aumento de los ingresos de las personas que pertenecen a los ventiles más bajos.This paper studies the relationship between the evolution of inequality and labor informality in Brazil during the 2000s. Despite the main goal of this paper is to present new evidence on the relation between informality and inequality, this should be analyzed together with other related factors. To make this analysis, and to establish the contribution of each factor, a number of econometric decompositions were performed. We use decomposition exercises based on the combination of reweighting techniques with recentered influence function (RIF) models. Results suggest that the process of formalization contributed to reducing the concentration of income by increasing the income of persons who belong to the lowest vintiles.Facultad de Ciencias EconómicasCentro de Estudios Distributivos, Laborales y Sociale

Distribuição sazonal de Culex (Culex) eduardoi Casal & Garcia (Diptera, Culicidae) em criadouros antrópicos introduzidos em mata residual degradada, área urbana de Curitiba, Paraná,Brasil Seazonal distribution of Culex (Culex) eduardoi Casal & Garcia (Diptera, Culicidae) in artificial receptacles in disturbed patch of forest degraded inurban area of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil

<abstract language="eng">The utilization of artificial receptacles to oviposition by mosquitoes in forest environment may indicate a sinantropic tendency or behaviour. Our data revealed that tires were as the most acceptable breeding for Culex (Culex) eduardoi Casal & Garcia 1968.The population density of this species was higher and summer seasons

What Difference Do Unions Make?: Their Impact on Productivity and Wages in Latin America

The subject of labor unions in Latin America provokes a variety of diverse and strongly held views. While some see unions as a way to protect workers' rights and ensure an equitable distribution of income, others see unions as a drain of productivity or an intrusion of politics into the workplace. In spite of these strong opinions, the effects of unions in Latin America have received little empirical attention. This book represents one of the first attempts to obtain evidence on union effects in the region. Following an examination of union density across countries, the studies in this volume evaluate the impact of unions on private-sector firm performance, agricultural productivity, and educational outcomes in public school systems. Unions' effects are considered in detail for Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Uruguay, as well as the less-studied case of Guatemala. Some of the findings are surprising and may help provide a basis for policies that better address the concerns of workers, employers and the public at large