The Bacteria with the Lowest Infectious Dose to cause Meat Food Poisoning

In this paper we will investigate the minimal infectious dose of three different common forms of bacteria that cause meat food poisoning. For E.coli it was found that the infectious dose given the minimal inoculum size of 1 bacterium was 6.28 x1057 bacteria cells. For Campylobacter jejuni the infectious dose was 2.88 x1044 bacteria cells and for Listeria this value was 2.41 x10462. Therefore Campylobacter jejuni was found to have the lowest infected dose that causes the symptoms of food poisoning

Effects of Dumping Pig Manure into a Lake –The Simpsons Movie

This paper examines the environmental effects of disposing a silo of pig manure into a body of water the size of a lake. It was calculated that the concentration of manure once dispersed in the lake would be 1.3 g m-3. From the qualitative research it was found that eutrophication would occur and lead to effects that would cause damage to the organisms of the lake. Observable changes such as colour change of the water would also take longer to occur than suggested in the movie. This also applies to the potential genetic effects which would only affect aquatic organisms such as fish, and would take at least 1 month to become observable

The Most Toxic Component of Chili Con Carne

In this paper, the toxicity of the three main ingredients chili peppers (capsicum), kidney beans and mince in the popular dish Chili Con Carne were investigated. It was found that all three components caused similar symptoms but had different measures of toxicity. Capsicum has a LD50 of 161.2 mg/kg in rats and 118.8 mg/kg in mice. Kidney beans have a hemagglutinin unit of between 20,000-70,000 hau and Salmonella poisoning in mince can be caused by as few as 4.89x1013 bacteria (assuming un-limiting conditions). As the measures of toxicity could not be compared, the most harmful ingredient was deemed to be raw/undercooked meat as it could lead to Salmonella poisoning which can result in typhoid fever, found to cause around 500,000 deaths per year.

Attitudes of learners towards physics and chemistry.

Thesis (M.Ed.) - University of Durban-Westville, 1999.The study investigated the attitudes of high school learners towards Physics and Chemistry. The learners were in Sastri College, a high school in Kwa-Zulu Natal. The study also investigated the relationship between attitude and performance. The sample consisted of 50, Grade 12, Physical Science learners. The data was collected by means of a questionnaire, a semi-structured and individual interviews and the matriculation results from the Department of Education and Culture. The SPSS package was used to analysis the quantitative data. The interviews were used to qualify and elaborate on the statistical findings. The findings showed that majority of the learners had a positive attitude towards Physics while few learners had positive attitude towards Chemistry. It was also found that attitude did not affect the performance of the learners and there was no gender difference between attitudes and performance

An empirical study on staff turnover and retention within Eskom : Eastern Cape Operating Unit

This research paper is broken up into three sections, namely an evaluation report, a literature review and a description of the research methodology. The evaluation report section is an assessment of the factors that could contribute to staff leaving the organisation and why staff would choose to remain with the organisation. The Distribution Division of Eskom is divided into nine separate Operating Units (OU's), in line with the nine Provinces. According to an Eskom Human Resource Manager (Mjali, 2013), as at March 2012 there were 2231 employees in the Easter Cape Operating Unit, while the staff turnover for the same period was 4.53%. Of the 101 staff that had resigned for the period 01 April 2011 to 31 March 2012, there were 27 transfers, 26 resignations and 30 retirements. The balance of 18 staff that left was due to dismissals and deaths. While the statistics suggest a healthy level of staff turnover at present, given the current pressures that Eskom employees are under, it is important to investigate their future intentions and to see what Eskom can do to continue to retain their services. The literature relating to staff turnover and retention was examined to determine the meaning of the terms retention and turnover and to review the relevant turnover topics that were emerging from the exit interview data. The research conducted was quantitative in nature, and a questionnaire was distributed to all managerial staff within the Eastern Cape Operating Unit of Eskom. The questionnaire was sent electronically to the participants via email with the link to the questionnaire. Participants were requested to respond on questions relating to factors on turnover and retention, and the responses were used to assess employee's intention to either remain with the organisation or to leave. The feedback received was analysed with the use of data analysis in Microsoft Excel (2010). The results of the research showed that there were two distinct themes related to employees' intention to remain with the organisation, namely job satisfaction and career development. On the other end of the scale, themes which would cause staff to want to leave the organisation were the performance management system of the organisation, not being listened to (i.e. to the ideas and views of staff) and leadership (i.e. the way the organisation was being led). Recommendations are made to management. The study also recommends future research that can be done to get greater insight into factors relating to staff turnover and retention. A detailed review of the literature is included in Section two of the report. Only essential components of the literature are included in Section one of report. Section three of the report provided a detailed description of the research design and the research procedure that was followed

A plataforma Dokeos no processo RVCC

Tese de mestrado, Ciências da Educação (Tecnologias Educativas), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 2009Este relatório emerge do estágio curricular realizado no Centro Novas Oportunidades (CNO) do Citeforma em Lisboa e tem como objectivo a descrição do processo de implementação/adaptação da plataforma Dokeos ao processo de Reconhecimento, Validação e Certificação de Competências (RVCC). O projecto A plataforma Dokeos no processo RVCC visa proporcionar aos adultos propostos para o RVCC secundário, o acesso à plataforma Dokeos, de modo a facilitar a comunicação entre os intervenientes, disponibilizar materiais didácticos, promover a utilização das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TIC) e incentivar a colaboração através de fóruns e chats. Tendo em vista estes objectivos, realizou-se à priori um diagnóstico de necessidades através de questionários aos candidatos e de entrevistas semi-directivas ao director da Instituição, à coordenadora do CNO e à equipa do RVCC secundário. Aquando da implementação do projecto, surgiram vários obstáculos que impossibilitaram a sua concretização, pelo que este relatório reflecte sobre as dificuldades subjacentes a projectos desta natureza. Finalizando, é um relatório que relata um cenário de utilização das potencialidades das TIC na educação e as dificuldades que estão subjacentes a este processo.This report emerges from the traineeship developed at the Centro Novas Oportunidades (CNO) of Citeforma in Lisbon. Its main point is to describe the process of the implementation/adaptation of the platform Dokeos in the process of Reconhecimento, Validação e Certificação de Competência (RVCC). The project «The platform Dokeos in the process of RVCC» aims at making possible the access of the platform Dokeos to the adults, who are about to take the secondary RVCC, in order to facilitate the communication of the users, to dispose the pedagogical material, to promote the use of the Technologies of the Information and Communication (TIC) and to reach a collaboration between them by using forums and chats. Besides that and to achieve these goals, a diagnosis of needs was anticipated by taking interviews to the candidates, to the director of the Institution, to the coordinator of the CNO and also to the team of the secondary RVCC. During the implementation of the project, a series of obstacles appeared which did not allow its continuation. So, this report points out the difficulties that are attached to these types of projects. In conclusion, this is a report that speaks of the advantages of the TIC in the Education area and the problems underlying to this process

Hernia of morgagni presenting as constipation in a 65-year-old male

Hernia of Morgagni is congenital defects in the diaphragm. They are mostly asymptomatic and present with vague symptoms when they do so. A high index of suspicion is required for timely diagnose of this condition. Here we present the case of a 65-year-old male patient presented to our institute with constipation for the past six months. Chest radiology raised the suspicion of a hernia which was further confirmed by contrast studies. Laparotomy was done and the hernia sac identified, colon and greater omentum reduced and defect repaired. He was discharged in stable condition and was doing well on follow-up

The increase of plasma galectin-9 in a patient with insulin allergy: a case report

Allergic reaction to insulin is known to be associated with eosinophilia and hyper IgE. Recent report showed that eosinophilia is related with the increased synthesis of galectin-9 (GAL-9) and osteopontin (OPN). Here, we examined plasma levels of GAL-9 and OPN first time in a case of 65-year old patient with insulin allergy. Insulin aspart & insulin aspart 30 mix were given to the patient and an elevation of the eosinophil count (8440/μl, 17.6 fold) and a moderate increase of IgE (501 U/ml, reference range: 10-350 U/ml), eotaxin-3 (168 pg/ml, 2 fold), histamine (0.95 ng/ml, 5.3 fold) were found 33 days later. The plasma levels of GAL-9 and OPN were 22.5 and 1.7 fold higher than the cut-off point, respectively. After one month cessation of insulin therapy, elevations of the eosinophil count (3,480/μl; 7.3 fold), and OPN (1.4 fold) still occurred but the GAL-9 levels became normal. Therefore, we noted the increases of GAL-9 and OPN in plasma for the first time in a patient with insulin allergy and propose that GAL-9 reflects the conditions of allergy more accurately