Knowledge of human papillomavirus vaccination: A multi-institution, cross-sectional study of allopathic and osteopathic medical students

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a well-established and successful tool for preventing HPV-related cancers. However, vaccine uptake remains low, influenced by patient hesitancy around safety concerns and little opportunity to discuss the vaccine with trusted healthcare providers. We conducted a national, cross-sectional study of allopathic and osteopathic medical students regarding knowledge of HPV vaccination guidelines March-April 2021. Analysis sought to identify gaps in knowledge as well as demographic and academic correlates of knowledge. A total of 718 students participated (response rate = 50.8%). While 92.8% of participants identified the connection between HPV and cervical cancer, lower percentages associated HPV with vaginal/vulvar (67.7%), anal (63.3%), and penile (53.9%) cancers. Low percentages of participants correctly identified age of HPV vaccine eligibility (33.3%) and how many doses are needed for full protection (48.1%). This study identifies specific knowledge gaps in medical students’ training on HPV-related cancers and HPV vaccination guidelines. Through addressing these gaps, we may improve HPV vaccine uptake and decrease the incidence of HPV-related cancers

Knowledge of human papillomavirus vaccination: A multi-institution, cross-sectional study of allopathic and osteopathic medical students

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a well-established and successful tool for preventing HPV-related cancers. However, vaccine uptake remains low, influenced by patient hesitancy around safety concerns and little opportunity to discuss the vaccine with trusted healthcare providers. We conducted a national, cross-sectional study of allopathic and osteopathic medical students regarding knowledge of HPV vaccination guidelines March-April 2021. Analysis sought to identify gaps in knowledge as well as demographic and academic correlates of knowledge. A total of 718 students participated (response rate = 50.8%). While 92.8% of participants identified the connection between HPV and cervical cancer, lower percentages associated HPV with vaginal/vulvar (67.7%), anal (63.3%), and penile (53.9%) cancers. Low percentages of participants correctly identified age of HPV vaccine eligibility (33.3%) and how many doses are needed for full protection (48.1%). This study identifies specific knowledge gaps in medical students’ training on HPV-related cancers and HPV vaccination guidelines. Through addressing these gaps, we may improve HPV vaccine uptake and decrease the incidence of HPV-related cancers

The mediating role of spirituality on forgiveness and relationship satisfaction of married individuals

Spirituality has a capacity to help individuals nurture a profound sense of fulfillment and dealing with such issues about life. In this study, it was also assessed as an integral part in someone’s perception of forgiveness and its crucial role in intimate relationship satisfaction. Thus, the present study also aims to find the underlying principles within a married Filipino individual that can affect the mending of their relationship and fulfill the stability of their marriage. A quantitative predictive cross-sectional research design was used to observe relevant information among 204 participants, alongside with the utilization of Cochran formula as the sampling technique in this study. Moreover, the participants must also fall under the following criteria upon complying to the 10 to 15-minute survey forms that was disseminated through online platforms: (a) wedded for 10 to 20 years; (b) have a low to high belief in spirituality; (c) being of any gender; and (d) being of any religious belief. Furthermore, findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between forgiveness and spirituality, implying that married individuals with high spirituality are more likely to forgive their partners. Additionally, there is no correlation between forgiveness and relationship satisfaction, suggesting that forgiveness does not have a direct impact on a relationship. On spirituality and relationship satisfaction, there is a weak correlation which highlights an insignificant relationship between the two. All in all, spirituality has a significant relationship with forgiveness, yet it does not mediate a relationship between a married individual’s forgiveness and relationship satisfaction

A Simple Combinatorial Codon Mutagenesis Method for Targeted Protein Engineering

Directed evolution is a powerful tool for optimizing enzymes, and mutagenesis methods that improve enzyme library quality can significantly expedite the evolution process. Here, we report a simple method for targeted combinatorial codon mutagenesis (CCM). To demonstrate the utility of this method for protein engineering, CCM libraries were constructed for cytochrome P450_BM3, <i>pfu</i> prolyl oligopeptidase, and the flavin-dependent halogenase RebH; 10–26 sites were targeted for codon mutagenesis in each of these enzymes, and libraries with a tunable average of 1–7 codon mutations per gene were generated. Each of these libraries provided improved enzymes for their respective transformations, which highlights the generality, simplicity, and tunability of CCM for targeted protein engineering

Understanding Flavin-Dependent Halogenase Reactivity via Substrate Activity Profiling

The activity of four native FDHs and four engineered FDH variants on 93 low-molecular-weight arenes was used to generate FDH substrate activity profiles. These profiles provided insights into how substrate class, functional group substitution, electronic activation, and binding affect FDH activity and selectivity. The enzymes studied could halogenate a far greater range of substrates than have been previously recognized, but significant differences in their substrate specificity and selectivity were observed. Trends between the electronic activation of each site on a substrate and halogenation conversion at that site were established, and these data, combined with docking simulations, suggest that substrate binding can override electronic activation even on compounds differing appreciably from native substrates. These findings provide a useful framework for understanding and exploiting FDH reactivity for organic synthesis