21 research outputs found

    Challenging the limits of the motor system: Differential kinematic and electromyographic outcomes associated with age

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    The measurement and assessment of maximal voluntary rate (MVR) are essential to our understanding of the limiting factors associated with motor control of human movement. However, very little is known about the dynamic changes that occur throughout an MVR task and how these changes impact upon normal functional capacity, especially with respect to aging and selected clinical populations. The purpose of this study is to test the functional capacity of the motor system and to compare any age-related changes in kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) parameters between young and older groups. Using a simple but novel MVR task (e.g., flexion and extension of the index finger for 20 s) developed by Rodrigues and colleagues (2009), we collected data on both the dominant (right) and non-dominant index fingers. With respect to the dominant finger, both groups experienced an immediate and continuous decline in peak movement frequency and velocity of the flexor and extensor. Significant group differences were observed in amplitude and peak velocity of flexor and extensor. There was a significant group x time interaction with the older group demonstrating a progressive increase in muscle activation pattern (e.g., co-contraction) over time while the younger group maintained their initial levels relatively constant. There was an interaction with peak velocity of the extensor muscle whereby the young decreased at a faster rate than the older group. With respect to the non-dominant index finger, the median frequency of the extensor was different between groups with the young experiencing a leftward shift indicative of fatigue. The young group declined in maximal velocity of the extensor as well as the pre-post difference in maximal voluntary contraction of the extensor. Although the young group exhibited signs of peripheral fatigue on the non-dominant side only, there were no signs of peripheral fatigue on either side of the older group. We conclude that the chosen MVR task challenges the central limits of the motor system differently with age, not only in the way that the two groups respond in terms of movement kinematics and patterns of muscle activation but also in the way that elderly appear to pre-program their maximal voluntary movements. We also conclude that hand dominance plays a differential role in the outcome of the MVR task in that the non-dominant side adjusts differently to the MVR in terms of peak velocity and median frequency (extensors) and that the young appear to experience a peripheral form of fatigue that is not seen in the elderly

    Π‘ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ многоязычных элСктронных рСсурсов ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС

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    The article discusses the activities of modern libraries as memory institutions aimed to support multilingualism in cyberspace. The author characterizes electronic libraries and collections in national languages created by central libraries of subjects of the Russian Federation. Over the past few years libraries have stepped up work on the development of multilingualism on the Internet, creating electronic libraries in the languages of the peoples of Russia (besides Russian) and providing free access to them on their websites. National libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation play a leading role in this process, striving to create more and more electronic resources in their national languages (including Russian), with the support of state authorities at the regional and local levels, as well as international organizations. They have created such electronic libraries and collections as β€œElectronic library of the authors of Karelia”; β€œFinno-Ugric libraries of Russia”; β€œBashkirika”; β€œNational electronic libraries” of the Udmurt Republic, the Republic of Adygea and Komi Republic; β€œElectronic collection of books in languages of Erzya and Moksha” created by the Pushkin National Library of the Republic of Mordovia; Tatar electronic library; Electronic collection β€œLiterary palette of the Chuvash Republic β€” 100 books for reading”; and Electronic library of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Mainly the collections include electronic copies of publications that are not subject to copyright; however, there are works of modern authors as well. Electronic collections in national languages of regional libraries are few, among them there are such collections as β€œIndigenous ethnic groups of Sakhalin” of the Sakhalin regional universal scientific library and Electronic library β€œKola North” of the Murmansk state regional universal scientific library. Thanks to the activities of the Central regional libraries, the presence of languages of the titular ethnic groups, as well as indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East in the Russian segment of the Internet has increased.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассматриваСтся Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ соврСмСнных Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ институтов памяти ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ многоязычия Π² кибСрпространствС. ДаСтся характСристика элСктронных Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ, созданных Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… языках Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π·Π° послСдниС нСсколько Π»Π΅Ρ‚ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ многоязычия Π² Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π΅, создав элСктронныС Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° языках Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² России (ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ русского) ΠΈ прСдоставив ΠΊ Π½ΠΈΠΌ свободный доступ Π½Π° своих ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚-сайтах. Π’Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² этом процСссС ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ (НБ) ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, стрСмящиСся ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ всС большС элСктронных рСсурсов Π½Π° своих государствСнных языках (Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС русском), ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² государствСнной власти Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ мСстном уровнях, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ. Ими созданы Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ элСктронныС Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ «ЭлСктронная Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΈΒ»; Β«Π€ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎ-угорскиС Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ России»; Β«Π‘Π°ΡˆΠΊΠΈΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ°Β»; Β«ΠΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ элСктронныС Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈΒ» Удмуртской РСспублики, РСспублик АдыгСя ΠΈ Коми; «ЭлСктронная коллСкция ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ Π½Π° языках эрзя ΠΈ мокша» НБ ΠΈΠΌ. А.Π‘. ΠŸΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° РСспублики ΠœΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ; Ватарская элСктронная Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°; элСктронная коллСкция «ЛитСратурная ΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ‚Ρ€Π° Π§ΡƒΠ²Π°ΡˆΠΈΠΈ β€” 100 ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ для прочтСния»; ЭлСктронная Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ° НБ РСспублики Π‘Π°Ρ…Π° (Якутия). Π’ основном Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ элСктронныС ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ авторского ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°, Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ произвСдСния соврСмСнных Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ². Π­Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… языках областных ΠΈ ΠΊΡ€Π°Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ нСмногочислСнны, срСди Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Β«ΠšΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ этносы Π‘Π°Ρ…Π°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°Β» Бахалинской областной ΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ (ΠžΠ£ΠΠ‘); элСктронная Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ° «Кольский Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅Ρ€Β» ΠœΡƒΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ государствСнной ΠžΠ£ΠΠ‘. Благодаря Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡŒ присутствиС языков Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… этносов, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… малочислСнных Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅Ρ€Π°, Π‘ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡ€ΠΈ ΠΈ Π”Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Востока Π² российском сСгмСнтС Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π°

    ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ Π² Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ…: тСорСтичСскиС ΠΈ практичСскиС аспСкты

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    The modern public libraries of our country are involved in the activities on implementation of the state national and cultural policy. Lately their priority targets have focused on ensuring interethnic harmony in society, conceived by the libraries as the work aimed at the development of intercultural dialogue. The article highlights theoretical and practical aspects of the development of intercultural dialogue in public libraries. The definition of intercultural dialogue as a process aimed at open and polite communication between different peoples, based on mutual understanding and respect, is given. The library activities can promote fostering skills and creating environment for its widening. The author shows that the basics of the modern intercultural library activities was laid by the work of Soviet mass libraries aimed at studying the reading interests of the peoples in the multinational USSR and taking part in their international education. At present, the libraries contribute to the development of titular ethnic groups national cultures and facilitate the process of mutual enrichment of cultures of different peoples of our country in accordance with β€œThe Foundations of the State Cultural Policy”. Theoretical basis of intercultural library activities is supplemented by the dissertation research works defended in the different regions of our country. It allows to conclude that in the general structure of the modern library science there has been formed an independent discipline named the β€œLibrary Ethnology”. To become one of the main translators of the state national and cultural policy the public libraries have developed their own approaches resulted in creating Centers for ethnic interaction and intercultural communication, as well as the Centers of national literatures. As a rule, the main goal of their activities is creation of the conditions for the development of intercultural and interethnic relations among the users, basing on the values of multinational Russian society, the respect of the rights and freedoms of individual, and maintenance of multi-ethnic peace and conciliation in the region.Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ общСдоступныС Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ страны Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ государствСнной ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π’ послСднСС врСмя Π² Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅ ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Β β€” обСспСчСниС ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ согласия Π² общСствС, ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°, направлСнная Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°.Β Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ тСорСтичСскиС ΠΈ практичСскиС аспСкты развития ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π° Π² общСдоступных Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ…. ДаСтся ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ процСсса, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎΒ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ, основанного Π½Π° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡƒΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π”Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈΒ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π½Π°Π²Ρ‹ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ созданию пространства для Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Автор ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ основа соврСмСнной ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π·Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΉ совСтских массовых Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΡ… интСрСсов Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΒ Π‘Π‘Π‘Π  ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π² ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ воспитании. Π’ настоящСС врСмя Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ образования Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… этносов ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ процСссу взаимообогащСния ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² нашСй страны Π² соотвСтствии с «Основами государствСнной ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈΒ». ВСорСтичСская Π±Π°Π·Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉΒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ пополняСтся Π·Π° счСт диссСртационных исслСдований, Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‰Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Ρ… Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… страны. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ позволяСт ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ структурС соврСмСнного библиотСковСдСния ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ сформировался ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π», ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ «библиотСчная этнология». Для Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… трансляторов ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ государства, общСдоступныС Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π»ΠΈ свои ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² создании Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ взаимодСйствия ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€. Как ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, основной Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈΡ… Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ являСтся созданиС условий для развития ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ мСТэтничСских ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π° основС цСнностСй ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ российского общСства, соблюдСния ΠΏΡ€Π°Π² ΠΈ свобод Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π° ΠΈ согласия Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅

    ΠžΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС: основныС направлСния Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ

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    The article highlights the directions of library activities in multicultural environment. The author presents definition of multicultural environment and notes that public libraries become cultural and educational centres. The article considers the main tasks and directions of work of libraries in the multicultural environment. Among the tasks facing the libraries are the following: creation of conditions for intercultural and interconfessional dialogue, education of tolerant thinking among the younger generation, socio-cultural mediation between migrants and the local community, the promotion of social cohesion of Russian society. The main goal of the activities of libraries in multicultural environment is their involvement in the implementation of the state cultural and national policy. Therefore, the libraries consider their main task in preservation and development of ethnic cultures and languages of all peoples living in our country. The most common areas of work of libraries are organization of ethno-cultural mass events, development of multilingual collections, creation of multilingual electronic resources, cooperation with local authorities and government agencies, educational institutions, national and cultural associations and various public organizations, assistance in the process of adaptation of migrants and refugees to the conditions of new social environment, creation of language educational centres in libraries for all members of the local community, participation in sociological research, methodological support of library activities in multicultural environment. Annual analytical reports of public libraries over the last three years demonstrate the significant increase of their activities in multicultural environment. The article presents the results of survey of the Gasprinsky Republican Crimean Tatar Library on the topic: β€œDo you know the traditions of your people?” The author concludes that the activities of library in multicultural environment contributes to its development as a cultural and educational centre. Cooperation with local authorities, educational institutions, national cultural associations, public organizations testifies to the importance of libraries and their recognition as active participants in the process of social cohesion of Russian society.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ направлСния Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС. ДаСтся ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ понятия Β«ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Ρ срСда». ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ общСдоступныС Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Ρ‹. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ основныС Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ ΠΈ направлСния Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС. Π’ числС Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡, стоящих ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅: созданиС условий для ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°, воспитаниС Ρƒ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ поколСния Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ посрСдничСство ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ мСстным сообщСством, способствованиС ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ российского общСства. Основной Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС являСтся ΠΈΡ… участиС Π² Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ государствСнной ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. ΠŸΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ своСй Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ сохранСниС ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ этничСских ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€ ΠΈ языков всСх Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π² нашСй странС. НаиболСС распространСнныС направлСния Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ β€” организация массовых ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСроприятий, Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ многоязычных Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ², созданиС многоязычных элСктронных рСсурсов, сотрудничСство с мСстными ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ власти ΠΈ государствСнными структурами, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ учрСТдСниями, Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ объСдинСниями ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ общСствСнными организациями, ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒ Π² процСссС Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ†Π΅Π² ΠΊ условиям Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ срСды, созданиС Π² Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ… языковых ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² для всСх Ρ‡Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² мСстного сообщСства, участиС Π² социологичСских исслСдованиях, мСтодичСскоС обСспСчСниС Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС. АналитичСскиС ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ общСдоступных Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ ΠΎ Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π·Π° послСдниС Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚: Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ анкСтирования РСспубликанской крымскотатарской Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠΌ. И. Гаспринского Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΡƒ: Β«Π—Π½Π°Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ Π»ΠΈ Π’Ρ‹ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ своСго Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π°?Β». ДСлаСтся Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ срСдС способствуСт Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°. БотрудничСство с мСстными ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ власти, ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ учрСТдСниями, Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ объСдинСниями, общСствСнными организациями ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ значимости Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… участников процСсса ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ сплочСния российского общСства

    ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ обСспСчСниС ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ общСдоступных Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ: Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· соврСмСнного состояния

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    The current methodological support of ethno-cultural activities of public libraries is analyzed. There are described its main areas: publication of methodological materials and organization of the scientific conferences and seminars. There is characterized the formed theoretical basis allowing to determine the further ways of the development of ethno-cultural activities. The contemporary regional schools of library and ethnic research are presented. There is revealed the value of libraries ethno-cultural activities in the context of the main documents of the national and cultural policy of the Russian Federation: β€œThe Basic Principles of State Cultural Policy”, β€œStrategy of State National Policy up to 2025”, β€œThe Concept of State Policy on Migration up to 2025”. The attention is paid to the role of libraries as informational, cultural and educational centres in the process of integration and adaptation of migrants. The regional libraries best practices (Perm, Nizhny Tagil) aimed at migrants cultural and speech adaptation are described. The definition of a modern public library as the centre of inter-ethnic and inter-cultural interaction is embodied in the Model Standard of the Public library activities. The characteristics of multicultural composition of population of the Russian Federation and the specific features of its service are presented.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ соврСмСнноС мСтодичСскоС обСспСчСниС ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ общСдоступных Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ. Раскрыты Π΅Π³ΠΎ основныС направлСния: ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ мСтодичСских ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ сСминаров. Π”Π°Π½Π° характСристика сформированной тСорСтичСской Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ‚ΡŒ дальнСйшиС ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΠΈ развития ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ соврСмСнныС Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡˆΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ‹ этнобиблиотСковСдчСских исслСдований. Показано Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ Π² контСкстС Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ: «Основ государствСнной ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈΒ», Β«Π‘Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ государствСнной Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ 2025 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Β», Β«ΠšΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ государствСнной ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ 2025 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°Β». Π£Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π² процСссС ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Раскрыт ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ (ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΌΡŒ, НиТний Π’Π°Π³ΠΈΠ»), Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎ-Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π²ΡƒΡŽ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΌΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π”Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ соврСмСнной общСдоступной Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ взаимодСйствия, Π·Π°ΠΊΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π² МодСльном стандартС Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ общСдоступной Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ. Π”Π°Π½Π° характСристика состава ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ насСлСния Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ спСцифика Π΅Π³ΠΎ обслуТивания

    Binocular vision adaptively suppresses delayed monocular signals

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    A neutral density filter placed before one eye will produce a dichoptic imbalance in luminance, which attenuates responses to visual stimuli and lags neural signals from retina to cortex in the filtered eye. When stimuli are presented to both the filtered and unfiltered eye (i.e., binocularly), neural responses show little attenuation and no lag compared with their baseline counterpart. This suggests that binocular visual mechanisms must suppress the attenuated and delayed input from the filtered eye; however, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we used a Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP) technique to measure neural responses to monocularly and binocularly presented stimuli while observers wore an ND filter in front of their dominant eye. These data were well-described by a binocular summation model, which received the sinusoidal contrast modulation of the stimulus as input. We incorporated the influence of the ND filter with an impulse response function, which adjusted the input magnitude and phase in a biophysically plausible manner. The model captured the increase in attenuation and lag of neural signals for stimuli presented to the filtered eye as a function of filter strength, while also generating the filter phase-invariant responses from binocular presentation for EEG and psychophysical data. These results clarify how binocular visual mechanismsβ€”specifically interocular suppressionβ€”can suppress the delayed and attenuated signals from the filtered eye and maintain normal neural signals under imbalanced luminance conditions

    Из истории формирования славянской ΠΈ восточно-СвропСйской ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ Π™Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ унивСрситСта (с Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π»Π° XX Π². Π΄ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡˆΠΈΡ… Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ)

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    On the stages of creation of the Russian books collection (Slavic collection) of the Yale university library. The archival materials of the library are made public; sources of accessions to the collection are described in the paper.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ рассказываСтся ΠΎΠ± этапах создания ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ русских ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ (славянской ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ) Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ Π™Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ унивСрситСта. Раскрыты Π°Ρ€Ρ…ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ‹, хранящиСся Π² Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ΅, описаны источники пополнСния ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ интСрСс свСдСния ΠΎ Π»ΡŽΠ΄ΡΡ…, Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ врСмя ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… участиС Π² Π΅Π΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ

    Interocular interaction of contrast and luminance signals in human primary visual cortex

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    Interocular interaction in the visual system occurs under dichoptic conditions when contrast and luminance are imbalanced between the eyes. Human psychophysical investigations suggest that interocular interaction can be explained by a contrast normalization model. However, the neural processes that underlie such interactions are still unresolved. We set out to assess, for the first time, the proposed normalization model of interocular contrast interactions using magnetoencephalography and to extend this model to incorporate interactions based on interocular luminance differences. We used magnetoencephalography to record steady-state visual evoked responses (SSVER), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to obtain individual retinotopic maps that we used in combination with MEG source imaging in healthy participants. Binary noise stimuli were presented in monocular or dichoptic viewing and were frequency-tagged at 4 and 6 Hz. The contrast of the stimuli was modulated in a range between 0 and 32%. Monocularly, we reduced the luminance by placing a 1.5 ND filter over one eye in the maximal contrast condition. This ND filter reduces the mean light level by a factor of 30 without any alteration to the physical contrast. We observed in visual area V1 a monotonic increase in the magnitude of SSVERs with changes in contrast from 0 to 32%. For both eyes, dichoptic masking induced a decrease in SSVER signal power. This power decrease was well explained by the normalization model. Reducing mean luminance delayed monocular processing by approximately 38 ms in V1. The reduced luminance also decreased the masking ability of the eye under the filter. Predictions based on a temporal filtering model for the interocular luminance difference prior to the model's binocular combination stage were incorporated to update the normalization model. Our results demonstrate that the signals resulting from different contrast or luminance stimulation of the two eyes are combined in a way that can be explained by an interocular normalization model

    Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ наслСдия Π² Π˜Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ краудсорсинга

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    The Article introduces the use of Crowdsourcing method in creation of California Digital Newspaper Collection and Cambridge Public Library (USA). There are presented the results of study conducted in February-March, 2013 among the users of these Libraries.Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ Π·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ‚ с использованиСм ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π° краудсорсинга Π² создании Π¦ΠΈΡ„Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚ ΠšΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠŸΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠšΠ΅ΠΌΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΆΠ° (БША). ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² Ρ„Π΅Π²Ρ€Π°Π»Π΅-ΠΌΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅ 2013 Π³. срСди ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ этих Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊ
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