Cardiovascular Responses To Postural Change And Aerobic Capacity In Middle-aged Men And Women Before And After Aerobic Physical Training

Objective: To compare the cardiovascular responses to passive postural maneuvers (tilt test) and the cardiorespiratory capacity in middle-aged men and women, before and after aerobic physical training. Methods: Seven men (44.6±2.1 years old) and seven women (51.7±4.8 years old) participated in aerobic physical training for 12 weeks. The tilt test protocol (five minutes supine, ten minutes tilted at 70° and five minutes supine) was followed, with arterial blood pressure and heart rate monitoring. A cycle ergometer protocol was used to measure cardiorespiratory capacity. Results: In the sedentary condition, men showed greater parasympathetic influence in heart rate control, as demonstrated by their higher RR interval (iRR) during the tilt test. After training, the iRR values became more similar in the two groups, although the women had higher iRR in the supine position and the men continued to present higher iRR under tilted conditions. The women's blood pressures continued to be higher after training, but heart rate tended to become similar in the two groups. The cardiorespiratory capacity patterns in the two groups were similar after training. Except for absolute heart rate values, for which there were no differences between the groups, the men's values were higher than those of the women for all other variables. It was also observed that, after the training, the women's blood pressures were significantly lower, even though their pressures remained higher than the men's. Conclusions: The training seemed to reduce the women's arterial blood pressure levels and improve both groups' cardiorespiratory capacity, but the men continued to present better performance than the women.125392400Pollock, M.L., Dawson, G.A., Physiologic responses of men 49 to 65 years of age to endurance training (1976) J Am Geriatr Soc, 24 (3), pp. 97-104Haddock, B.L., Marshak, H.P.H., Mason, J.J., Blix, G., The effect of hormone replacement therapy and exercise on cardiovascular disease risk factors in postmenopausal women (2000) Sports Med, 29 (1), pp. 39-49Liu, C.C., Kuo, T.B., Yang, C.C., Effects of estrogen on gender-related autonomic differences in humans (2003) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 285 (5), pp. H2188-H2193Rosano, G.M., Vitale, C., Fini, M., Hormone replacement therapy and cardioprotection: What is good and what is bad for the cardiovascular system? (2006) Ann. N.Y. Acad Sci, 1092, pp. 341-348Ghorayeb N, Baptista CA, Dioguardi GS, Reginatto LE. Atividade física na mulher. Rev Soc Cardiol Est São Paulo, SOCESP.1996;6:540-2Kannel, W.B., Hjortland, M.C., McNamara, P.M., Gordon, T., Menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease: The Framingham study (1976) Ann Intern Med, 85 (4), pp. 447-452Tank, J., Does aging cause women to be more sympathetic than men? (2005) Hypertension, 45 (4), pp. 489-490Kuttenn, F., Gerson, M., Hormone replacement therapy of menopause, heart and blood vessels (2001) Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss, 94 (7), pp. 685-689Vanoli, E., De Ferrari, G.M., Stramba-Badiale, M., Hull Jr, S.S., Foreman, R.D., Schwartz, P.J., Vagal stimulation and prevention of sudden death in conscious dogs with a healed myocardial infarction (1991) Circ Res, 68 (5), pp. 1471-1481Smith, J.J., Kampine, J.P., (1990) Regulation of arterial blood pressure, , editores. Circulatory physiology, the essentials. 3aed. Baltimore: Williams &ampWilkins;Kuo, T.B., Lin, T., Yang, C.C., Li, C.L., Chen, C.F., Chou, P., Effect of aging on gender differences in neural control of heart rate (1999) Am J Physiol, 277 (6 PART 2), pp. H2233-H2239Evans, J.M., Ziegler, M.G., Patwardhan, A.R., Ott, J.B., Kim, C.S., Leonelli, F.M., Gender differences in autonomic cardiovascular regulation: Spectral, hormonal, and hemodynamic indexes (2001) J Appl Physiol, 91 (6), pp. 2611-2618Pikkujämsä, S.M., Mäkikallio, T.H., Airaksinen, K.E., Huikuri, H.V., Determinants and interindividual variation of R-R interval dynamics in healthy middle-aged subjects (2001) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 280 (3), pp. H1400-H1406Neves, V.F., Silva de, S.M., Gallo Jr, L., Catai, A.M., Martins, L.E., Crescêncio, J.C., Autonomic modulation of heart rate of young and postmenopausal women undergoing estrogen therapy (2007) Braz J Med Biol Res, 40 (4), pp. 491-499(2005) ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription/ACSM, , American College of Sports Medicine, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;Maciel, B.C., Gallo Júnior, L., Marin Neto, J.A., Lima Filho, E.C., Terra Filho, J., Manço, J.C., Parasympathetic contribution to bradycardia induced by endurance training in man (1985) Cardiovasc Res, 19 (10), pp. 642-648Martinelli, F.S., (1996) Respostas da freqüência cardíaca e da pressão arterial sistêmica às manobras postural passiva e de valsalva, em indivíduos sedentários e atletas corredores de longa distância, , dissertação, Campinas: Unicamp;Goldsmith, R.L., Bigger Jr, J.T., Steinman, R.C., Fleiss, J.L., Comparison of 24-hour parasympathetic activity in endurance-trained and untrained young men (1992) J Am Coll. Cardiol, 20 (3), pp. 552-558Shin, K., Minamitani, H., Onishi, S., Yamazaki, H., Lee, M., Autonomic differences between athletes and nonathletes: Spectral analysis approach (1997) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 29 (11), pp. 1482-1490Seals, D.R., Taylor, J.A., Ng, A.V., Esler, M.D., Exercise and aging: Autonomic control of the circulation (1994) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 26 (5), pp. 568-576Chacon-Mikahil, M.P.T., (1998) Estudo da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca nos domínios do tempo e da freqüência antes e após o treinamento aeróbio em homens de meia idade [tese], , Campinas: Unicamp;Laitinen, T., Niskanen, L., Geelen, G., Länsimies, E., Hartikainen, J., Age dependency of cardiovascular autonomic responses to head-up tilt test in healthy subjects (2004) J Appl Physiol, 96 (6), pp. 2333-2340Gordon, C.C., Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Stature, Recumbent Length, Weight (1988) Anthropometric standardizing reference manual, pp. 3-8. , Lohman TG et al, editores, Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics Books;Wasserman, K., Whipp, B.J., Koyl, S.N., Beaver, W.L., Anaerobic threshold and respiratory gas exchange during exercise (1973) J Appl Physiol, 35 (2), pp. 236-243Montano, N., Ruscone, T.G., Porta, A., Lombardi, F., Pagani, M., Malliani, A., Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability to assess the changes in sympathovagal balance during graded orthostatic tilt (1994) Circulation, 90 (4), pp. 1826-1831Shoemaker, J.K., Hogeman, C.S., Khan, M., Kimmerly, D.S., Sinoway, L.I., Gender affects sympathetic and hemodynamic response to postural stress (2001) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 281 (5), pp. H2028-H2035Bigger Jr, J.T., Fleiss, J.L., Steinman, R.C., Rolnitzky, L.M., Kleiger, R.E., Rottman, J.N., Correlations among time and frequency domain measures of heart period variability two weeks after acute myocardial infarction (1992) Am J Cardiol, 69 (9), pp. 891-898Almeida, M.B.E., Araújo, C.G.S., Effects of aerobic training on heart rate (2003) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 9 (2), pp. 113-120Yataco, A.R., Fleisher, L.A., Katzel, L.I., Heart rate variability and cardiovascular fitness in senior athletes (1997) Am J Cardiol, 80 (10), pp. 1389-1391Rennie, K.L., Hemingway, H., Kumari, M., Brunner, E., Malik, M., Marmot, M., Effects of moderate and vigorous physical activity on heart rate variability in a British study of civil servants (2003) Am J Epidemiol, 158 (2), pp. 135-14

Acute low- compared to high-load resistance training to failure results in greater energy expenditure during exercise in healthy young men

The objective of the present study was to verify the energy expenditure (EE), energy system contributions and autonomic control during and after an acute low-load or high-load resistance training (RT) protocol to momentary failure (MF) in young adults. Eleven young men (22 ± 3 yrs, 71.8 ± 7.7 kg; 1.75 ± 0.06 m) underwent a randomized crossover design of three knee extension acute protocols: a low-load RT [30% of their maximal strength (1RM); RT30] or a high-load RT (80% of 1RM; RT80) protocol, with all sets being performed to MF; or a control session (Control) without exercise. Participants were measured for EE, energy system contributions, and cardiac autonomic control before, during, and after each exercise session. Exercise EE was significantly higher for RT30 as compared to RT80. Furthermore, post measurements of blood lactate levels and the anaerobic lactic system contribution were significantly greater for RT30 as compared to RT80. In addition, parasympathetic restoration was lower for RT30 as compared to RT80. In conclusion, a low-load (30% 1RM) RT session produced higher EE during exercise than a high-load (80% 1RM) RT session to MF, and may be a good option for fitness professionals, exercise physiologists, and practitioners when choosing the optimal RT protocol that provides more EE, especially for those who want or need to lose weight1411CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ123216/2015-

Response Of The Resting Metabolic Rate After 16 Weeks Of Resistance Training In Postmenopausal Women

Introduction: The physical changes from menopause such as decrease in lean mass (LM), growth and redistribution of body fat and decrease in resting energy expenditure, contribute to the increase in body size and subsequent increase in total body mass. Accordingly, the recognized benefits of resistance training (RT) are not only linked to increased strength and muscle hypertrophy, but also to body composition and consequently to the resting metabolic rate (RMR). Objective: To evaluate the RMR response after 16 weeks of RT in postmenopausal women. Methods: 28 female volunteers subdivided into two groups participated in the study: training (TG n = 17) and control (CG n = 11). The RT program was conducted in three weekly sessions, on alternate days and lasted approximately 60 min/session during 16 weeks. Load intensity was determined by means of target area of maximum repetitions, with weekly load readjustment. The oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2), using open circuit indirect calorimetry was used to calculate the RMR according to Weir equation (1949). Statistical analysis: statistical package Bioestat, version 5.0, with a significance level of p <0.05 was used. Results: There was significant increase of the LM values and muscle strength in TG only. No significant differences were found for the RMR values after intervention for both groups. Conclusion: The RT program of 16 weeks was effective in promoting changes in body composition and muscle strength in postmenopausal women; nevertheless, there was not change in RMR after intervention.175350353Jovine, M.S., Buchalla, C.M., Santarém, E.M.M., Santarém, J.M.S., Aldrighi, J.M., Efeito do treinamento resistido sobre a osteoporose, após a menopausa: Estudo de atualização (2006) Epidemiol, 9, pp. 493-505Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S.B., Ross, R., Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability (2002) J Am Geriatr Soc, 50, pp. 889-896Sternfeld, B., Bhat, A.K., Hua, W., Sharp, T., Quesenberry, C.P., Menopause, physical activity, and body composition/ fat distribution in midlife women (2005) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 37, pp. 1195-1202NCEP executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) (2001) JAMA, 285, pp. 2486-2497Hunter, G.R., McCarthy, J.P., Bamman, M.M., Effects of resistance training on older adults (2004) Sports Med, 34, pp. 329-348Silva, C.M., Gurjão, A.L.D., Ferreira, L., Gobbi, L.T.B., Gobbi, S., Efeito do treinamento com pesos, prescrito por zona de repetições máximas, na força muscular e composição corporal em idosas (2006) Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum, 8, pp. 39-45Maesta, N., Nahas, E.A.P., Nahas-Neto, J., Orsatti, F.L., Fernandes, C., Traiman, P., Burini, R.C., Effects of soy protein and resistance exercise on body composition and blood lipids in postmenopausal women (2007) Maturitas, 56, pp. 350-358Bocalini, D.S., Serra, J.S., Santos, L., Murad, N., Levy, R.F., Strength training preserves the bone mineral density of postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy (2009) J. Aging Health, 21, pp. 519-527Trevisan, M.C., Burini, R.C., Metabolismo de repouso de mulheres pós-menopausadas submetidas a programa de treinamento com pesos (hipertrofia) (2007) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 13, pp. 133-137Heyward, V.H., Stolarczyk, L.M., (2000) Avaliação da Composição Corporal Aplicada, , 10Edição. São Paulo: ManoleJackson, A.S., Pollock, M.L., WARD. Generalized equations for predicting body density of women (1980) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 12, pp. 175-182Siri, W.E., Body composition from fluid spaces and density (1961) Techniques for measuring body composition, pp. 223-244. , In: Brozek J, Henschel A., Washington, DC: National Academy of ScienceGuedes, D.P., Guedes, J.E.R.P., (2006) Manual prático para avaliação em educação física, , Barueri: ManoleClarke, D.H., Adaptations in strength and muscular endurance resulting from exercise (1973) Exercise Sports Sci Rev, pp. 73-102. , In: Wilmore JH (editor), New York, Academic PressDias, R.M.R., Cyrino, E.S., Salvador, E.P., Caldeira, L.F.S., Fábio Yuzo, N.F.Y., Papst, R.R., Influência do processo de familiarização para avaliação da força muscular em testes de 1-RM (2005) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 11, pp. 34-38Weir, J.B., New methods for calculating metabolic rate with especial references to protein metabolism (1949) J Physiol, 62, pp. 20-27Position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults (2002) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34, pp. 364-380. , ACSM-American College of Sports MedicineBird, S.P., Tarpenning, K.M., Marino, F.E., Designing resistance training programmes to enhance muscular fitness. A review of the acute programme variables (2005) Sports Med, 35, pp. 841-851Byrne, H.K., Wilmore, J.H., The relationship of mode and intensity of training on resting metabolic rate in women (2001) Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 11, pp. 1-14Luhrmann, P.M., Herbert, B.M., Neuhauser-Berthold, M., Effects of fat mass and body composition on resting metabolic rate in the elderly (2001) Metabolism, 50, pp. 972-975Antunes, H.K.M., Hanna, K.M., Santos, R.F., Boscolo, R.A., Bueno, O.F.A., Mello, M.T., Análise da taxa metabólica basal de idosos do sexo masculino antes e seis meses após exercícios de resistência (2005) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 11, pp. 71-75Foreaux, G., Pinto, K.M.C., Dâmaso, A., Efeito do consumo excessivo de oxigênio após exercício e da taxa metabólica de repouso no gasto energético (2006) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 12, pp. 393-398Aubertin-Leheudre, M., Goulet, E.D.B., Dionne, I.J., Enhanced rate of resting energy expenditure in women using hormone replacement therapy: Preliminary results (2008) J Aging Physical Activity, 16, pp. 53-60Day, D.S., Gozansky, W.S., Van Pelt, R.E., Schwarts, R.S., Kohrt, W.M., Sex hormones suppression reduces resting energy expenditure and β-adrenergic support of resting energy expenditure (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism, 90, pp. 3312-3317Armellini, F., Zamboni, M., Mino, A., Bissoli, L., Micciolo, R., Bosello, O., Postabsorptive resting metabolic rate and thermic effect of food in relation to body composition and adipose tissue distribution (2000) Metabolism, 149, pp. 6-10Lemmer, J.T., Ivey, F.M., Ryan, A.S., Martel, G.F., Hurlbut, D.E., Metter, J.E., Effect of strength training on resting metabolic rate on physival activity: Age and gender comparisons (2001) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33, pp. 532-541Tataranni, P.A., Ravussin, E., Variability in metabolic rate: Biological sites of regulation (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. S102-S106Dionne, I.J., Mélançon, M.O., Brochu, M., Ades, P.A., Poelhman, E.T., Age-related differences in metabolic adaptations following resistance training in women (2004) Experimental Gerontology, 39, pp. 133-138Rothenberg, E.M., Bosaeus, I.G., Westerterp, K.R., Steen, B.C., Resting energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure and total energy expenditure at age 91-96 years (2000) Br J Nutr, 84, pp. 319-32

Resting Metabolic Rate And Body Composition In Postmenopausal Women [taxa Metabólica De Repouso E Composição Corporal Em Mulheres Na Pós-menopausa]

Objective: The present study evaluated the relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition of postmenopausal women. Methods: Thirty physically inactive women participated in the study, and their age average was 54,33 ± 5,20 years old. Oxygen consumption was measured by indirect calorimetry after 12 hours of fasting and the values were calculated according to the equation of Weir. Body composition was obtained by the method of skinfolds and the measurement of waist circumference (WC) was used to assess abdominal fat. The linear correlation of Pearson was used to establish correlations between the variables. Results: We found significant correlations of TMR with the CC (0.42) and the lean mass (LM) (r = 0.48). Conclusions: The variables of body composition that can be involved in the determination of the RMR are LM and WC. © ABE&M todos os direitos reservados.536755759Hallal, P.C., Victora, C.G., Wells, J.C., Lima, R.C., Physical inactivity: Prevalence and associated variables in Brazilian adults (2003) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35 (11), pp. 1894-900Melby, C., Scholl, C., Edwards, G., Bullough, R., Effects of acute resistance on post-exercise energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate (1993) J Appl Physiol, 75 (4), pp. 1847-53Leal, D.B., Fonseca, P.H.S., Implicações na medida de taxa metabólica de repouso em idosos (2007) Rev Bras Nutr Clin, 22 (1), pp. 65-71Aubertin-Leheudre, M., Goulet, E.D.B., Dionne, I.J., Enhanced rate of resting energy expenditure in women using hormone replacement therapy: Preliminary results (2008) J Aging Physi Activ, 16 (1), pp. 53-60Foreaux, G., Pinto, K.M.C., Dâmaso, A., Efeito do consumo excessive de oxigênio após exercício e da taxa metabólica de repouso no gasto energético (2006) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 12 (6), pp. 393-8Nelson, K.M., Weinsier, R.L., Long, C.L., Schutz, Y., Prediction of resting energy expenditure from fat-free mass and fat mass (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56 (5), pp. 848-56Antunes, H.K.M., Santos, R.F., Boscolo, R.A., Bueno, O.F.A., Mello, M.T., Análise da taxa metabólica basal de idosos do sexo masculine antes e seis meses após exercícios de resistência (2005) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 11 (1), pp. 71-5Day, D.S., Gozansky, W.S., van Pelt, R.E., Schwarts, R.S., Kohrt, W.M., Sex hormones suppression reduces resting energy expenditure and β-adrenergic support of resting energy expenditure (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism, 90 (6), pp. 3312-7Armellini, F., Zamboni, M., Mino, A., Bissoli, L., Micciolo, R., Bosello, O., Postabsorptive resting metabolic rate and thermic effect of food in relation to body composition and adipose tissue distribution (2000) Metabolism, 149 (1), pp. 6-10Sternfeld, B., Bhat, A.K., Wang, H., Sharp, T., Quesenberry, C.P., Menopause, physical activity, and body composition/fat distribution in midlife women (2005) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 37 (7), pp. 1195-202Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S.B., Ross, R., Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability (2002) J Am Geriatr Soc, 50 (5), pp. 889-96Choi, J.W., Pai, S.H., Bone mineral density correlates strongly with basal metabolic rate in postmenopausal women (2003) Clin Chimica Acta, 333 (1), pp. 79-84Anderson, E.J., Lavoio, H.B., Strauss, C.C., Hubbard, J.L., Sharpless, J.L., Hall, J.E., Body composition and energy balance: Lack of effects of short-term hormone replacement in postmenopausal women (2001) Metabolism, 50 (3), pp. 265-9Lemoine, S., Granier, P., Tiffoche, C., Rannou-Bekono, F., Thieulant, M.L., Delamarche, P., Estrogen receptor alpha mRNA in human skeletal muscles (2003) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35 (3), pp. 439-43Hackney, A.C., Muoio, D., Meyer, W.R., The effect of sex steroids hormones on substrate oxidationduring prolonged submaximal exercise in women (2000) Jpn J Physiol, 50 (5), pp. 489-94Luhrmann, P.M., Herbert, B.M., Neuhauser-Berthold, M., Effects of fat mass and body composition on resting metabolic rate in the elderly (2001) Metabolism, 50 (8), pp. 972-5Rankinen, T., Kim, S.Y., Pérusse, L., Després, J.-P., Bouchard, C., The prediction of abdominal visceral fat level from body composition and anthropometry: ROC analysis (1999) Int J Obes, 23 (8), pp. 801-9Wong, S.L., Janssen, L., Ross, R., Abdominal adipose tissue distribution and metabolic risk (2003) Sports Med, 33 (10), pp. 709-26Gibbons, M.D.R., Henry, C.J.K., Ulijaszek, S.J., Lightowler, H.J., Intra-individual variation in RMR in older people (2004) Br J Nutr, 91 (3), pp. 485-9(1988) Anthropometric standardizing reference manual, pp. 55-80. , Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R, editors, Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics BooksJackson, A.S., Pollock, M.L., Generalized equations for predicting body density of women (1980) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 12 (3), pp. 175-82Siri, W.E., Body composition from fluid spaces and density (1961) Techniques for measuring body composition, pp. 223-44. , In: Brozek J, Henschel A, Washington, DC: National Academy of ScienceWeir, J.B., New methods for calculating metabolic rate with especial references to protein metabolism (1949) J Physiol, 62, pp. 20-7Trevisan, M.C., Burini, R.C., Metabolismo de repouso de mulheres pós-menopausadas submetidas a programa de treinamento com pesos (hipertrofia) (2007) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 13 (2), pp. 133-7Sparti, A., Delany, J.P., Bretonne, J.A., Sander, G.E., Bray, G.A., Relationship between resting metabolic rate and the composition of the fat-free mass (1997) Metabolism, 46 (10), pp. 1225-30Bouchard, C., Bray, G.A., Hubbard, V.S., Basic and clinical aspects of regional fat distribution (1990) Am J Clin Nutr, 52 (5), pp. 946-50Tataranni, P.A., Ravussin, E., Variability in metabolic rate: 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Executive Summary. NIH PublicationsMacera, C.A., Jones, D.A., Yore, M.M., Ham, S.A., Col, H.W., Kimsey, C.D., Prevalence of physical activity, including lifestyle activities among adults (2003) Weekly, 52 (32), pp. 764-

Study Of Cardiorespiratory Variables At The Anaerobic Threshold (at) In Trained And Sedentary Subjects

The AT is a parameter which signals the moment of equilibrium loss between the supply and demand of oxygen during the performance of dynamic exercise(DE). This physiological parameter is dependent on to the type of physical training and has been used in the evaluation of aerobic capacity. This study aimed to analyze the cardiorespiratory variables at the moment of the AT. DE tests were applied using a continuous protocoKCP) up to physical exhaustion with direct measurement of the oxygen uptakeCv'Oa ). The studied groups included: 5 sedentary subjects(S); 5 long distance runners(LDR) and; 5 weight lifters(WL). The values (medians) of cardiorespiratory variables determined at the AT were as follows: a) O2 (mI/kg/min.)=18.5(S), 20(WL) and 29.9(LDR)(p<0.05 between LDR and the other groups); bjheart rate (HR-bpm)=120(S),120(WL),120(LDR);c)AHR from rest to the AT=+36(S),+42(WL), and+66(LDR)(p<0.05 between LDR and S); d) power(watts)=50(S),100(WL),100(LDR)(p<0.05 between LDR and S); e) ventilation (l/min)=34.1(S),35.9(WL),40(LDR). These data have shown the occurrence of prominent cardiorespiratory adaptations with increase of aerobic power in LDR group, when compared to the other studied groups (S and WD.Research support: FAEP-UNICAMP& FAPESP. [email protected]