Factores que determinan la transferencia de conocimientos en los estudiantes de la Carrera de Ingeniería Comercial.

The research is aimed at determining the factors that limit the transfer of knowledge to the students of the Commercial Engineering Degree as a study problem. The objective of the project is to show the influential factors in the transfer of knowledge because it has been observed that there is a greater ignorance of the subject in the students, on the topics taught by the teachers in the class hours, the learning is not significant. To learn more about this problem, a theoretical, technical support was used, together with a thorough and thorough review of bibliographical sources. The methodological approach is quantitative, in the research project was carried out the application of a survey to teachers and students, descriptive research and field methods, and bibliographic are the mechanisms used for the collection of information, with which valuable information was obtained and useful for the benefit of the career, teachers and students, in the same way when tabulating the data it was observed that the scholars have deficiencies in the knowledge transfer factors such as the relationship with the student, affective communication and active learning, being active learning with greater disadvantages from both the perspective of teachers and students, the reasons that led to this consensus is that both parties have clearly identified that the classes should be largely practical and less theoretical, the students who expressed likewise problems with the relationship that exists between teacher and student. All this information contributed with results of the limitations that exist in the race to transfer the knowledge, in the end it concludes with a report in which the affectations that each factor has in the transfer of knowledge on the part of the professors are specified, towards the teachers. Finally, precise recommendations were developed for the corresponding actions on the part of those involved with teaching in higher education of the Commercial Engineering Degree at the Technical University of Cotopaxi.La investigación está orientada a determinar los factores que limitan la transferencia de conocimiento a los estudiantes de la Carrera de Ingeniería Comercial como problema de estudio. El objetivo del proyecto es mostrar los factores influyentes en la transferencia del conocimiento porque se ha observado que existe un mayor desconocimiento de la asignatura en los estudiantes, sobre las temáticas impartidas por los docentes en las horas clase, el aprendizaje no es significativo. Para conocer más a fondo esta problemática se recurrió a un sustento teórico, técnico, conjuntamente a una revisión profunda y minuciosa de fuentes bibliográficas. El enfoque metodológico es cuantitativo, en el proyecto investigativo se realizó la aplicación de una encuesta a docentes y estudiantes, la investigación descriptiva y los métodos de campo, y bibliográfico son los mecanismos utilizados para la recolección de información, con la cual se obtuvieron información valiosa y útil para el beneficio de la carrera, docentes y estudiantes, del mismo modo al tabular los datos se observó que los becarios tienen deficiencias en los factores de transferencia del conocimiento como la relación con el estudiante, la comunicación afectiva y el aprendizaje activo, siendo el aprendizaje activo con mayores inconvenientes tanto desde la perspectiva de docentes y estudiantes, los motivos que permitieron llegar a este consenso es que las dos partes tienen claramente identificado que las clases deben ser en gran parte de forma práctica y menos teóricas, los estudiantes quiénes manifestaron de igual manera problemas con la relación que existe entre docente y estudiante. Toda esta información aportó con resultados de los limitantes que existen en la carrera para transferir el conocimiento, al final se concluye con un informe en el cual se especifican las afectaciones que cada factor tiene en la transferencia del conocimiento de parte de los catedráticos, hacia los estudiantes. Por último se desarrollaron recomendaciones precisas para las acciones correspondientes de parte de los involucrados con la enseñanza en la educación superior de la Carrera de Ingeniería Comercial de la Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi.Universidad Técnica de Cotopax

Database of spatial distribution of non indigenous species in Spanish marine waters

Research in marine Spanish waters are focused on several actions to achieve an effectively management on protected areas, with the active participation of the stakeholders and research as basic tools for decision-making. Among these actions, there is one about the knowledge and control on NIS. One of its objectives is the creation of NIS factsheets, which are going to be added to the National Marine Biodiversity Geographical System (GIS) providing complementary information about taxonomic classification, common names, taxonomic synonyms, species illustrations, identification morphological characters, habitat in the native and introduced regions, biological and ecological traits, GenBank DNA sequences, world distribution, first record and evolution in the introduced areas, likely pathways of introduction, effects in the habitats and interaction with native species, and potential management measures to apply. The database will also provide data for (1) the European online platforms, (2) the environmental assessment for the Descriptor 2 (D2-NIS) of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), as well as (3) supporting decisions made by stakeholders. It is the result of extensive collaboration among scientist, manager’s and citizen science in the Spanish North-Atlantic, South-Atlantic, Gibraltar Strait-Alboran, Levantine-Balearic and Canary Islands marine divisions, providing an updated overview of the spatial distribution of relevant extended and invasive NIS of recent and established NIS introduced by maritime transport and aquaculture pathways, as well as on cryptogenic or native species in expansion due to the climatic water warming trend

Retos, avances y reflexiones transdisciplinares desde contextos educativos diversos

La publicación de las ponencias que conformaron el V Congreso Internacional de Educación de la Universidad Nacional de Educación, titulado Retos, avances y reflexiones transdisciplinares desde contextos educativos diversos, ofrece una visión comprensiva y multifacética de la educación contemporánea. A través de ocho ejes temáticos, entre los que se incluye la formación integral y el desarrollo profesional, la teoría y la práctica en la formación profesional docente, la relación entre sociedad y escuela, la gestión educativa y las tecnologías para la educación, esta recopilación busca contribuir al conocimiento académico sobre la educación y, al mismo tiempo, ser fuente de información e inspiración para educadores, investigadores y todas aquellas personas interesadas en el desarrollo educativo

Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor: a rare entity difficult to diagnose. A case report

Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the liver, also known as inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, is a rare benign lesion that mimics malignancy. Its etiology and pathogenesis are unclear, but a relationship has been found with several diseases. Patients usually present with non-specific symptoms. The imaging diagnostic studies of choice are triphasic computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Definitive diagnosis may require histological confirmation. The treatment of choice is still surgical resection in those patients with severe symptoms, an indeterminate diagnosis, or a lack of improvement with medical treatment. We hereby present a case of a patient undergoing laparoscopic resection of an IPT of the live

Development of Functional Antibodies Directed to Human Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract (Transferon®)

Transferon® is an immunomodulator made of a complex mixture of peptides from human dialyzable leucocyte extracts (hDLEs). Development of surrogate antibodies directed to hDLE is an indispensable tool for studies during process control and preclinical trials. These antibodies are fundamental for different analytical approaches, such as identity test and drug quantitation, as well as to characterize its pharmacokinetic and mechanisms of action. A previous murine study showed the inability of the peptides of Transferon® to induce antibody production by themselves; therefore, in this work, two approaches were tested to increase its immunogenicity: chemical conjugation of the peptides of Transferon® to carrier proteins and the use of a rabbit model. Bioconjugates were generated with Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) or Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) through maleimide-activated carrier proteins. BALB/c mice and New Zealand rabbits were immunized with Transferon® conjugated to KLH or nonconjugated Transferon®. Animals that were immunized with conjugated Transferon® showed significant production of antibodies as evinced by the recognition of Transferon®-BSA conjugate in ELISA assays. Moreover, rabbits showed higher antibody titers when compared with mice. Neither mouse nor rabbits developed antibodies when immunized with nonconjugated Transferon®. Interestingly, rabbit antibodies were able to partially block IL-2 production in Jurkat cells after costimulation with Transferon®. In conclusion, it is feasible to elicit specific and functional antibodies anti-hDLE with different potential uses during the life cycle of the product

Detection of CD39 and a Highly Glycosylated Isoform of Soluble CD73 in the Plasma of Patients with Cervical Cancer: Correlation with Disease Progression

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the main factor in the development of cervical cancer (CC). The presence of immunosuppressive factors plays an important role in the development of this type of cancer. To determine whether CD39 and CD73, which participate in the production of immunosuppressive adenosine (Ado), are involved in the progression of CC, we compared the concentrations and hydrolytic activity of these ectonucleotidases in platelet-free plasma (PFP) samples between patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) (n=18), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) (n=12), and CC (n=19) and normal donors (NDs) (n=15). The concentrations of CD39 and CD73 in PFP increased with disease progression (r=0.5929, p<0.001). The PFP of patients with HSILs or CC showed the highest concentrations of CD39 (2.3 and 2.2 times that of the NDs, respectively) and CD73 (1.7 and 2.68 times that of the NDs, respectively), which were associated with a high capacity to generate Ado from the hydrolysis of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). The addition of POM-1 and APCP, specific inhibitors of CD39 and CD73, respectively, inhibited the ADPase and AMPase activity of PFP by more than 90%. A high level of the 90 kD isoform of CD73 was detected in the PFP of patients with HSILs or CC. Digestion with endoglycosidase H and N-glycanase generated CD73 with weights of approximately 90 kD, 85 kD, 80 kD, and 70 kD. In addition, the levels of transforming grow factor-β (TGF-β) in the PFPs of patients with LSIL, HSIL and CC positively correlated with those of CD39 (r=0.4432, p<0.001) and CD73 (r=0.5786, p<0.001). These results suggest that persistent infection by HR-HPV and the concomitant production of TGF-β promote the expression of CD39 and CD73 to favor CC progression through Ado generation

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health