Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na zdrowie psychiczne wybranych grup społecznych

Introduction and purpose: COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that is caused by a new strain of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (type 2 acute respiratory syndrome virus). Globally, as of 14 July 2021, there have been more than 4 million deaths and almost 190 million confirmed cases of infection. Mental health disorders are sets of behaviours, ways of thinking or perceiving and other mental activities and relations with other people which are a source of suffering or impediments to the individual functioning of the affected person. The most common mental health disorders are anxiety disorders, insomnia, depression and somatic disorders. State of knowledge: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted people's lives around the world through the rapid spread of the disease, high mortality and negative health effects. Over time, there is growing public concern that health systems may become overburdened and that adequate medical care will not be available to everyone affected by the disease. There are also concerns that isolation and reduced mobility will be long-term with serious consequences for mental health and well-being. Summary: There is already evidence of the negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents, as well as the elderly who have been isolated, making these individuals more susceptible to developing long-term psychiatric disorders.ABSTRACT  Introduction and purpose: COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease that is caused by a new strain of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (type 2 acute respiratory syndrome virus). Globally, as of 14 July 2021, there have been more than 4 million deaths and almost 190 million confirmed cases of infection. Mental health disorders are sets of behaviours, ways of thinking or perceiving and other mental activities and relations with other people which are a source of suffering or impediments to the individual functioning of the affected person. The most common mental health disorders are anxiety disorders, insomnia, depression and somatic disorders.  State of knowledge: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted people's lives around the world through the rapid spread of the disease, high mortality and negative health effects. Over time, there is growing public concern that health systems may become overburdened and that adequate medical care will not be available to everyone affected by the disease. There are also concerns that isolation and reduced mobility will be long-term with serious consequences for mental health and well-being.  Summary: There is already evidence of the negative psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents, as well as the elderly who have been isolated, making these individuals more susceptible to developing long-term psychiatric disorders. &nbsp

The latest reports on biomarkers used in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer

Introduction: Ovarian cancer ranks seventh in terms of incidence and eighth in terms of mortality among women worldwide. It is divided into several subtypes. The epithelial type of ovarian cancer is responsible for 90% of cases. The clinical picture is usually an appendage tumor detected by palpation or during pelvic imaging. Symptoms are usually non-specific such as abdominal pushing or bloating.  State of knowledge: Ovarian cancer is usually detected at an advanced stage due to the long duration of absence of symptoms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to look at existing and identify potential biomarkers that can lead to the development of new and more effective predictors for the diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian cancer. The ability of these biomarkers to predict the existence and stages of ovarian cancer could improve early diagnosis and survival of ovarian cancer patients. Currently, the biomarkers CA-125 and HE4 play the most important role in diagnosis. However, there are an increasing number of reports on other biomarkers such as kallikreins, bikunin, VEGF, and mesothelin.  Summary: Partly due to the lack of effective screening, ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed in the final stages. This is why ongoing research into new biomarkers that could contribute to faster detection of the disease is so important. They would also increase the effectiveness of the therapies used and enable a better prognosis of the course of the disease.  &nbsp

Health benefits of hormonal contraception used by symptoms associated with acne vulgaris and hirsutism

Hormonal contraception in reproductive age is used not only as a birth control method but also for other indications like acne vulgaris and hirsutism. Acne vulgaris and hirsutism are important signs related to hyperandrogenaemia and provide a serious medical problem for the patients. Reduction of numerous existing symptoms leads to an improvement in the quality of women’s life. The aim of the study is to present author’s statistical data and to compare it to available data on non-contraceptive benefits

The impact of coffee on human health

Introduction: Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. It contains lots of biologically active ingredients. These compounds not only have aromatic properties, but many of them also have antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral and relaxing smooth muscle properties. The aim of the study: The purpose of the study is to collect and review scientific publications about the impact of coffee on health. Material and method: The paper uses standard criteria as the research method. Additionally, during the literature review on PubMed and Google Scholar platforms, keywords such as coffee, caffeine, health, impact were used. Description of the state of knowledge: Numerous studies suggest that coffee impact on the long-term functioning of the organism is negligible and is associated with the consumption of coffee for a longer period of time. Chlorogenic acid, caffeine and trigoneline are primarily responsible for the positive effect. They have a hypoglycemic, bactericidal and antioxidant effect. Diterpenes, such as kahweol and cafestol may have negative influence on health. Research also suggests that coffee can reduce the risk of Parkinson's disease and type 2 diabetes. Summary: The results show that coffee ingredients can have both positive and negative effects on health. However, before these observations can be used to create nutritional advice, further research is needed. They will allow a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of the compounds responsible for reduced risk of diabetes mellitus or Parkinson's disease. Keywords: coffee, caffeine, health, cardiovascula

The problem of HIV infections and AIDS in the world in relation to WHO activities

The Problem of HIV infections and AIDS has been known for years. Effective prevention and treatment is a challenge of modern medicine. Studies conducted by the WHO show that Africa, in terms of morbidity and deaths, is the first among the regions included in this study. Nowadays, diagnosis of HIV infections is highly developed. This allows for quick and easy testing to confirm the infection, even in pregnant women. Across the globe, 59% of people infected with HIV receive antiretroviral treatment that allows them to function normally in society. Early and appropriate use of antiretroviral drugs significantly reduces the transmission of infection to other people and reduces the risk of having a child with HIV. Awareness of this infection among the general public and especially among young people is limited, which is why social campaigns play an important role in prevention

The effect of hormonal contraception on symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle

Nowadays, there exist a large number of methods that allow to prevent unintended pregnancy. One of the most common technique in Poland is hormonal contraception in the form of contraceptive pills. This method is effective, easy to use, and more importantly it does not cause permanent sterility. Moreover, hormonal contraception comes with plenty of additional health benefits that are not related to contraception alone, such as: reduction of menstrual pain, regular cycles and lack of menorrhagia. Due to the beneficial effect on the body, hormonal contraception is used in the treatment of certain diseases, such as acne and endometriosis. Reduction of numerous existing symptoms leads to an improvement in the quality of women’s lives

The role of Demodex folliculorum in pathogenesis of rosacea

Introduction and objective: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 10% of the population globally. The exact pathogenesis of rosacea remains unknown. However, there are considered several factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental impact, immune dysregulation, as well as presence of microorganisms. The aim of the study is to review recent knowledge about the relationship between rosacea and Demodex folliculorum. The information used in the presented analysis was obtained by searching academic research databases: Google Scholar and PubMed. An abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: Demodex folliculorum is a microscopic mite that resides in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the skin. Current studies show that Demodex folliculorum plays an important role in pathogenesis of rosacea. That is related with the induction of excessive pro-inflammatory skin response combined with increase in inflammation mediators. Moreover in patients with rosacea there is observed a nearly 6-fold increase in Demodex folliculorum density in comparison to general population. Increased number of mites is associated with local immunosuppression that may predispose to the development of rosacea. The presence of Demodex mites is related not only with acute course and prolonged duration of the disease, but also with higher probability of recurrence. Summary: Demodex folliculorum is involved in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Moreover, as a parasite, it significantly decreases the quality of patient’s life. Therefore, patients with severe rosacea should be examined for the presence of Demodex mites. In case of detection, regardless of its quantitative load, antiparasitic drug should be recommended.Introduction and objective: Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 10% of the population globally. The exact pathogenesis of rosacea remains unknown. However, there are considered several factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental impact, immune dysregulation, as well as presence of microorganisms. The aim of the study is to review recent knowledge about the relationship between rosacea and Demodex folliculorum. The information used in the presented analysis was obtained by searching academic research databases: Google Scholar and PubMed. An abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: Demodex folliculorum is a microscopic mite that resides in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the skin. Current studies show that Demodex folliculorum plays an important role in pathogenesis of rosacea. That is related with the induction of excessive pro-inflammatory skin response combined with increase in inflammation mediators. Moreover in patients with rosacea there is observed a nearly 6-fold increase in Demodex folliculorum density in comparison to general population. Increased number of mites is associated with local immunosuppression that may predispose to the development of rosacea. The presence of Demodex mites is related not only with acute course and prolonged duration of the disease, but also with higher probability of recurrence. Summary: Demodex folliculorum is involved in the pathogenesis of rosacea. Moreover, as a parasite, it significantly decreases the quality of patient’s life. Therefore, patients with severe rosacea should be examined for the presence of Demodex mites. In case of detection, regardless of its quantitative load, antiparasitic drug should be recommended

Raising awareness about the importance of chickenpox vaccination in children

Introduction: Varicella is an acute infectious disease caused by the Varicella zoster virus. It is among one of the most contagious infectious diseases. The main symptoms of the disease are an itchy, papular and vesicular rash on the trunk, face, scalp, extremities, mucous membranes. In addition, there is fever, malaise, headache and muscle aches, enlargement of lymph nodes. In most cases, varicella is mild, but 2-6% of patients may develop dangerous complications. The most common complications include bacterial skin infections, neurological symptoms and acute thrombocytopenia. Aim: The purpose of this study is to present the severe and complicated course of varicella in a 12-month-old patient. Results: On the day of admission, the patient presented symptoms of an exacerbation of the course of varicella. The main symptoms were smallpox eruptions, increasing fever track, and enlarged and painful lymph nodes. During his stay, the patient's condition indicated a severe course of varicella. It was complicated by infection of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and lymph nodes. In addition, tests showed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and positivity for cat scratch disease. He also developed zoster during his hospitalization. Throughout his stay in the hospital, many tests and consultations were carried out to clarify his symptoms.  With appropriate treatment, the patient's condition improved and he was able to be discharged home after a 3-week hospitalization. Conclusions: The presented case shows the severe course of varicella. Due to recommendations and the patient's too young age, he could not be vaccinated against VZV. In each patient, the course of the disease is unpredictable. Vaccination protects against severe symptoms, and also reduces the risk of developing zoster in the future. In addition, long-term immunity can be acquired through vaccination

The problem of obesity and overweight among children and youth in the world

Childhood obesity is one of the most difficult public health issues. According to "The Lancet" magazine, there are 124 million obese children in the world. The frequency of this disease in developed countries, including Poland, is constantly increasing. We can already talk about the obesity epidemic. Despite additional diseases, obesity has an economic impact in terms of combating its complications. Therefore, it is necessary to search for unknown risk factors as well as methods of their treatment. In order to obviate this disease, more and more preventive actions are being organised. However, education is not enough - joint actions undertaken by the authorities, society and representatives of the food industry are needed

Dwukierunkowa zależność pomiędzy występowaniem depresji i cukrzycy

Introduction and objective: In recent years, depression and diabetes have become more and more serious medical issues. The number of patients suffering from one or both of these disorders increases year by year, which significantly worsens their quality of life. The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge on the basic mechanisms and risk factors influencing the development of depression in patients with diabetes, as well as the bidirectional relationship between these illnesses. The study was based on a literature review and an analysis of publications available on PubMed and Google Scholar platforms. The search has been conducted with the use of a combination of keywords like: “diabetes type 1”, “diabetes type 2”, “depression”, “mental health”. An abbreviated description of the state of knowledge: Every third patient with diabetes shows depressive symptoms. These psychological disorders are more common in people with type 1 diabetes. The most vulnerable group of patients are single women with low socioeconomic status and comorbidities. Numerous biochemical and psychosocial changes in the life of diabetic patients, significantly increase the risk of developing depression. The latest scientific reports also draw attention to the two-way relationship between diabetes and depression. The inclusion of cognitive-behavioral therapy brings positive results in managing diabetes with comorbid depression. Summary: The available scientific data clearly shows the existence of psychological and biological links between these two disease entities. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders can improve the course of diabetes.Wstęp i cel: W ostatnich latach depresja wraz z cukrzycą stają się coraz poważniejszymi problemami społecznymi. Z roku na rok wzrasta liczba pacjentów mających jedno z tych schorzeń lub oba naraz, co znacznie pogarsza jakość życia tych osób. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat podstawowych mechanizmów i czynników wpływających na rozwój depresji u pacjentów z współistniejącą cukrzycą, jak również omówienie dwukierunkowej zależności pomiędzy tymi chorobami. Opracowania dokonano w oparciu o przegląd piśmiennictwa i analizę publikacji zamieszczonych na ogólnodostępnych platformach PubMed oraz Google Scholar. Wyszukiwanie przeprowadzono z użyciem słów kluczowych, takich jak: „cukrzyca typu 1”, „cukrzyca typu 2”, „depresja”, „zdrowie psychiczne”. Wyniki: Co trzeci pacjent z cukrzycą wykazuje objawy depresyjne. Zaburzenia te częściej występują u osób z cukrzycą typu 1. Najbardziej narażoną grupą pacjentów są samotne kobiety o niskim statusie socjoekonomicznym i chorobami towarzyszącymi. Liczne zmiany zarówno biochemiczne, jak i psychospołeczne znacząco zwiększają ryzyko rozwoju depresji. Najnowsze doniesienia naukowe zwracają także uwagę na dwukierunkową zależność pomiędzy cukrzycą i depresją. Włączenie terapii poznawczo-behawioralnej przynosi przy pozytywne rezultaty w zarządzaniu cukrzycą przy współwystępującej depresji. Podsumowanie: Dostępne dane naukowe jasno wskazują na istnienie psychologicznych i biologicznych powiązań między tymi dwiema jednostkami chorobowymi. Odpowiednie rozpoznawanie i leczenie zaburzeń depresyjnych może poprawić przebieg cukrzycy. Słowa kluczowe: cukrzyca typu 1, cukrzyca typu 2, depresja, zdrowie psychiczn