Identification of a virus naturally infecting sorghum in India as Sugarcane streak mosaic virus

The virus associated with mosaic disease of sorghum growing around the sugarcane fields in Andhra Pradesh state, India was found to be serologically related to the Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SStMV) and Sorghum mosaic Parbhani virus (SMPV). The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the total RNA from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay positive sorghum samples with the potyvirus specific degenerate primers yielded an amplicon of ∼500 bp. This amplicon sequence had a 95% identity to the SStMV-Andhra Pradesh (SStMV-AP) and SStMV-Coimbatore isolates reported to naturally infect sugarcane in India. Further confirmation was made by RT-PCR of these samples with the SStMV-AP sequence specific primers that yielded ∼1,000 bp amplicon comprising the entire coat protein and 3′ UTR of the viral genome. This amplicon sequence also had a identity of 95% at nucleotide level with the SStMV-AP sugarcane isolate, but at the CP amino acid level it had 97.8% identity. This partial sequence data confirmed the association of SStMV with the mosaic disease of sorghum in Andhra Pradesh state, India. To our knowledge, this is the first report on association of SStMV with mosaic disease of sorghum and designated as SStMV-sorghum isolat

InCl<SUB>3</SUB>/IBX: a novel reagent system for the conversion of glycals into &#945;,&#946;-unsaturated &#948;-lactones

The combination of indium trichloride with iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) has been utilized for the first time as a novel reagent system for the one-pot synthesis of 2,3-dideoxy-d-hex-2-enono-1,5-lactones from glycals. The reaction proceeds smoothly in aqueous media and the products are obtained in good yields. This method is suitable for the oxidation of glycals bearing olefin functionality

Duplex-immunocapture-RT-PCR for detection and discrimination of two distinct potyviruses naturally infecting sugarcane (<i style="">Saccharum</i> spp. hybrid)

68-73A sensitive duplex-immunocapture-RT-PCR (D-IC-RT-PCR) technique was developed for detection and discrimination of taxonomically distinct Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) that naturally infect sugarcane. D-IC-RT-PCR was performed using polyclonal antisera for capture of virions. Oligo 5′-d(T)18(AGC)-3′ as a common reverse primer for both viruses and virus specific forward primers, 5′-aagtggttaaacgcctgtgg-3′ and 5′-ATGTC(GA)AAGAA(GA)ATGCGCTTGC-3′ were used for amplifying ~1400 and ~900 bp fragments of SCSMV and SCMV genomes, respectively from their 3′ termini. To assess the applicability of the developed technique, 67 mosaic affected sugarcane samples were initially screened by direct antigen coating-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA) followed by D-IC-RT-PCR. In DAC-ELISA, ~69 % of tested samples were shown to be positive for presence of SCSMV, ~28 % for SCMV and ~10 % for both viruses. In D-IC-RT-PCR both viruses were detected up to the dilution of 10-4. In D-IC-RT-PCR, ~76 % of tested samples were found to be positive for SCSMV, ~37 % for SCMV and ~16 % for both viruses. The sequence analyses of D-IC-RT-PCR amplicons of 3 isolates of each virus revealed that the designed primers were virus-specific. The developed technique had potential application for sensitive parallel detection of two viruses in sugarcane

Highly stereoselective synthesis of 2,3- unsaturated thioglycopyranosides employing molecular iodine

Molecular iodine has been utilized for the first time for the thioglycosidation of D-glycals with various thiols to afford the corresponding 2,3-unsaturated thioglycosides in high yields. In the case of tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal, the α-anomer was obtained exclusively. The use of readily available iodine makes this method quite simple, more convenient, and practical

Indium trichloride catalyzed chemoselective conversion of aldehydes to gem-diacetates

Aldehydes are chemoselectively converted into the corresponding gem-diacetates at ambient temperature in high to quantitative yields using a catalytic amount of indium (III) chloride. The deprotection of the resulting gem-diacetates is achieved using the same catalyst in the presence of water

Assembly of recombinant coat protein of sugarcane streak mosaic virus into potyvirus-like particles

Coat protein (CP) gene of sugarcane streak mosaic virus-AP isolate (SCSMV-AP) was expressed in E. coli and recombinant CP (SCSMV-AP rCP) was purified by linear sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Observation of purified SCSMV-AP rCP under electron microscope revealed the presence of potyvirus-like particles (PVLPs). The assembled particles were shown to encapsidate CP gene transcripts by slot-blot hybridization

Microwave-assisted efficient one-pot synthesis of nitriles in dry media

A rapid and efficient procedure is reported for the synthesis of nitriles by condensation of aldehydes with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of dibutyltin oxide supported on Al2O3 under microwave irradiation

HBF<SUB>4</SUB>·OEt<SUB>2</SUB> as a mild and versatile reagent for the Ritter amidation of olefins: a facile synthesis of secondary amides

A variety of alkenes undergo smooth amidation with nitriles in the presence of HBF<SUB>4</SUB>·OEt<SUB>2</SUB> at room temperature under mild conditions to afford the corresponding secondary amides in good to excellent yields. This is a highly efficient method for the preparation of α-aryl ethyl amides especially from vinyl arenes without any side reactions such as olefin polymerization. The use of readily available and easy to handle reagent HBF<SUB>4</SUB>·OEt<SUB>2</SUB> makes this method simple, convenient, and practical

Dy(OTf)<SUB>3</SUB> as a versatile catalyst for the synthesis of 3-pyrrolyl-indolinones and pyrrolyl-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalines

Dysprosium(III) triflate is found to catalyze efficiently the coupling of 4-hydroxyproline with indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one and isatin derivatives under mild conditions to produce 11-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-11H-indeno[1,2-b]quinoxalin-11-one and 3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)indolin-2-one derivatives, respectively, in excellent yields in short reaction times. A comparative study with both InCl3 and Dy(OTf)3 is described